Is there a difference in the final examination grades for courses that are offered on-ground, online, or as a hybrid class (a hybrid class is half on-ground and half online)? The data provided in Table 10.12 gives the final examination grades (out of a maximum possible score of 100) received for 40 students randomly assigned an introductory statistics course in one of three different formats-on-ground, online, or as a hybrid.

a. State the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses.

b. How would you describe the factor? And how many factor levels are there?

c. Find the SSE and the MSE.

d. Find the SSTR and the MSTR.

e. Find the number of degrees of freedom for the numerator and the number of degrees of freedom for the denominator.

f. Find the \(p\)-value and interpret it within the context of the problem.
g. Find and interpret any and all significant differences.
h. Check any relevant model assumptions.
i. Is this sample large enough to be able to detect at least a five-point difference in final examination grades?

Table 10.12

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Final Examination Grades for 40 Students Randomly Assigned to Participate in an On-Ground, Online, or Hybrid Introductory Statistics Course On-Ground Online Hybrid 83 54 65 61 59 51 67 55 67 51 72 79 73 58 53 88 77 85 94 55 87 96 73 68 80 84 72 61 89 75 76 62 82 65 93 69 93 99 - 72 90