Three old batteries and a resistor, R, are used to construct a circuit. Each battery has a probability p to generate voltage V = vo and has a probability 1 -p to generate voltage V = 0. Neglect any internal resistance in the batteries. Find the average power, (V2)/R, dissipated in the resistor if

(a) the batteries are connected in series and

(b) the batteries are connected in parallel. In cases

(a) and (b), what would be the average power dissipated if all batteries were certain to generate voltage V = vo?

(c) How would you realize the conditions and results of this problem in a laboratory?