10.67 Stress at work A study performed in Austria in 2015 addressed the problem of workplace stress by the gender of the worker. Researchers also used the type of working area as a control variable to shed more light on the association between the variables. The data shown in the following table was obtained.

a. Treating the type of working area as a control variable, whether the respondents stated having too much stress in their current job as the response variable, and the gender of the respondent as the explanatory variable, explain whether these results illustrate Simpson’s paradox or not.

b. Which working area is the most appropriate for female workers and which working area is most unsuitable for both genders?

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Stress at Work No Yes Total Count Count Count Type of Intermediate Gender Female 3 13 16 working Male 11 29 40 area Rural Gender Female 6 5 11 Male 14 26 40 Urban Gender Female 8 14 22 Male 19 25 44