11.38 Happiness and marital status The screen shot from the GSS website shows standardized residuals (called Z-statistics) and cell counts for 2012 GSS data on happiness

(the column) and marital status (the row). The color coding is based on the magnitude of the Z-statistic 1= standardized residual2 and is explained in the legend.

Summarize the association by indicating which marital statuses have strong evidence of (i) more and (ii) fewer people in the population in the Very Happy category than if the variables were independent.

Transcribed Image Text:

Cells contain: -Z-statistic -N of cases Frequency Distribution HAPPY 3 2 NOT ROW VERY PRETTY TOO TOTAL HAPPY HAPPY HAPPY 10.3 38 81 1: MARRIED 375 458 64 897 24 1.2 1.5 2: WIDOWED 35 97 29 161 4.2 1.9 2.8 3: DIVORCED 64 191 60 315 MARITAL 2.7 -1.2 5.3 4: SEPARATED 10 32 24 66 55 2.4 3.8 5: NEVER MARRIED 109 316 100 525 COL TOTAL 593 1,094 277 1,964 Color coding: <2.0 <1.0 <1.0 <0.0 >0.0 >1.0 >2.0 Z N in each cell: Smaller than expected Larger than expected