9.51 Detecting pregnancy Home pregnancy tests claim an accuracy rate of over 99%. A positive test does turn out later to be a false positive. There are several reasons why a woman may obtain a positive result in a home pregnancy test when she is not actually pregnant.

a. For the home pregnancy test, explain what a Type I error is and explain the consequence to a woman of this type of error.

b. For the home pregnancy test, what is a Type II error?

What is the consequence to a woman of this type of error?

c. To which diagnostic does the probability of 99% refer?

d. Can you state that the probability that a woman who receives a positive test result is not actually pregnant is 0.01? Explain your answer.