A prospective study of heart attacks in a certain city enrolled 250 randomly selected men aged fifty to fifty-five with no history of heart trouble. In other words, these men were identified as living in the city in which the study was carried out and a check was made that they fell into the required age group and had not had heart trouble. It was noted that 200 of the 250 men frequently attended football matches as part of their Saturday entertainment, whereas the 50 remaining men preferred classical music concerts for Saturday entertainment and rarely attended football matches. After ten years it was found that forty of the football goers had suffered heart attacks, whereas only three of the concert goers had suffered heart attacks. Fisher's exact test (two-tail) performed on these data show thatp = 0.020.

Do you believe that this study provides reasonably convincing evidence that men who prefer classical music to football are less likely to suffer heart attacks? Do you believe that this study provides reasonably convincing evidence that attending football matches tends to increase a man's chance of having a heart attack?

Discuss. P-963