C8. In Exercise 1, you found that more women than men are likely to fear walking alone in their neighborhoods. You now wonder if this difference exists because women are more likely to own their own homes and therefore live in safer neighborhoods. In other words, you want to try some elaboration.

1. Use the data from Exercise 1 to construct tables showing the relationship between fear of walking alone and sex, controlling for whether the individual rents or owns his or her dwelling.

2. Does renting versus owning one’s dwelling explain the difference in fear between women and men? (Use percentage differences to support your answer.)

3. Has introducing home ownership shown that the relationship between sex and fear is spurious or is home ownership an intervening variable? Explain.