C9. You are interested in studying the variability of violent crimes committed and police expenditures in the eastern and midwestern United States. The U.S. Census Bureau collected the following statistics on these two variables for 21 states in the East and Midwest in 2014–2015.

Source: ProQuest, Statistical Abstract of the United States 2018: The National Data Book, Tables 334 and 361.

The SPSS output showing the mean and the standard deviation for both variables is presented below.

1. What are the means? The standard deviations?
2. Compare the mean with the standard deviation for each variable. Does there appear to be more variability in the number of crimes or in police expenditures per capita in these states? Which states contribute more to this greater variability?
3. Suggest why one variable has more variability than the other. In other words, what social forces would cause one variable to have a relatively large standard deviation?

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Number of Crimes Police Protection Expenditures Valid N (listwise) Descriptive Statistics N 21 Mean 302.2571 21 290.8095 21 Std. Deviation 97.125431. 70.32256