Cyber security awareness. A study highlighted the differences in the cyber security awareness between Asian and European countries based on individuals’ computer knowledge scores. The cyber security awareness was measured using a Likert scale that ranged from “1: definitely not” to “5: definitely yes.” A regression model was developed, relating the mean cyber security awareness E1y2 to the two continents (Asia or Europe), x2, and the computer knowledge scores (%), x1.

a. Identify the independent variables as qualitative or quantitative.

b. Write a model that describes the relationship between E1y2 and computer knowledge scores as two parallel lines, one for each continent.

c. Modify the model of part

b. to permit the slopes of the two lines to differ.

d. Sketch typical response lines for the model of part

b. Do the same for the model of part

c. Carefully label your graphs.

e. Specify the null and alternative hypotheses you would use to determine whether the model in part

c. provides more information for predicting yield than does the model in part

b. f. Explain how you would obtain the quantities necessary to compute the F-statistic that would be used in testing the hypotheses you described in part e.