Workplace envy and job performance. Employees who are envious of their fellow workers often exhibit a decline in job performance. Research published in the Academy of Management Journal (August 2019) investigated whether workplace envy can also have positive outcomes (e.g., learning and/or advice seeking from the envied employee). Data were collected for 52 sales employees of a cosmetics company. Initially, the researchers fit the model, E(y) = b0 + b1x1 + b2x2 + b3x3, where y = Advice seeking level (7-point scale) x1 = Envy towards fellow worker (7-point scale) x2 = Core self-evaluation (CSE) level (average of 12 7-point scales) x3 = 51 if envied target is a friend, 0 if not6

a. The researchers theorize that the more envy exhibited towards a fellow worker, the more the envier will seek advice from the envied target. Based on Year Gas Electricity Liquid Fuels Total Expenditure 2011 12,119 13,389 1,250 983,041 2012 12,961 13,924 1,254 1,000,382 f f f f f 2019 11,225 12,259 1,258 1,166,026 2020 10,603 12,341 1,327 1,042,290 this theory, is the value of b1 in the model positive or negative?

b. The researchers also theorize that the lower the CSE level, the less the envier will seek advice from the envied target. Based on this theory, is the value of b2 in the model positive or negative?

c. Finally, the researchers theorize that if the envied target is a friend, the more likely the envier will seek advice from the envied target. Based on this theory, is the value of b3 in the model positive or negative?