Black Bear Litters. In the article “Reproductive Ecology and Cub Survival of Florida Black Bears” (Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 71, Issue 3, pp. 720–727), E. Garrison et al. investigated cub survival rates of the Florida black bear. Through the observation of female Florida black bears and their litters, the following estimate is given for the probability distribution of the number of young per litter for female Florida black bears.

Litter size 1234 Probability 0.212 0.606 0.152 0.030

a. Explain why the probabilities in the table provide only an estimate of the true probabilities.

b. Estimate the probability that a Florida black bear has a litter of either two or three cubs.