BMD and Depression. In the paper “Depression and Bone Mineral Density: Is There a Relationship in Elderly Asian Men?”

(Osteoporosis International, Vol. 16, pp. 610–615), S. Wong et al.

published results of their study on bone mineral density (BMD) and depression for 1999 Hong Kong men aged 65 to 92 years. Here are the cross-classified data.

BMD Depression Depressed Not depressed Total Osteoporitic 3 35 38 Low BMD 69 533 602 Normal 97 1262 1359 Total 169 1830 1999 At the 1% significance level, do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that BMD and depression are statistically dependent for elderly Asian men?

Job Satisfaction. A CNN/USA TODAY poll conducted by Gallup asked a sample of employed Americans the following question:

“Which do you enjoy more, the hours when you are on your job, or the hours when you are not on your job?” The responses to this question were cross-tabulated against several characteristics, among which were gender, age, type of community, educational attainment, income, and type of employer. The data are provided on the WeissStats site. In each of Exercises 13.87–13.92, use the technology of your choice to decide, at the 5% significance level, whether an association exists between the specified pair of variables.