Consonantal Inventory Size. In the article “Intervocalic Consonants in the Speech of Typically Developing Children: Emergence and Early Use” (Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics, Vol. 16, Issue 3, pp. 155–168), C. Stoel-Gammon examined the development of intervocalic consonants (consonants appearing between two vowels) by children during the first years of life. The following data provide word-initial and word-final consonantal inventory sizes for nine children at age 21 months.

Child 1 2 3 4 5 6 789 Initial 16 14 13 12 12 11 8 7 6 Final 4 10 0 7 7 6 3 4 6 Suppose that you want to use these data to perform a hypothesis test to determine whether mean word-initial consonantal inventory size is greater than mean word-final consonantal inventory size. Conduct preliminary graphical data analyses to decide whether it is reasonable to apply the

a. paired t-test.

b. paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Working with Large Data Sets