Fortified Juice and PTH. V. Tangpricha et al. did a study to determine whether fortifying orange juice with Vitamin D would result in changes in the blood levels of five biochemical variables.

One of those variables was the concentration of parathyroid hormone (PTH), measured in picograms/milliliter (pg/mL). The researchers published their results in the paper “Fortification of Orange Juice with Vitamin D: A Novel Approach for Enhancing Vitamin D Nutritional Health” (American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 77, pp. 1478–1483). Concentration levels were recorded at the beginning of the experiment and again at the end of 12 weeks. The following data, based on the results of the study, provide the decrease (negative values indicate increase) in PTH levels, in pg/mL, for those drinking the fortified juice and for those drinking the unfortified juice.

Fortified Unfortified

−7.7 11.2 65.8 −45.6 65.1 0.0 40.0

−4.8 26.4 55.9 −15.5 −48.8 15.0 8.8 34.4 −5.0 −2.2 13.5 −6.1 29.4

−20.1 −40.2 73.5 −20.5 −48.4 −28.7 At the 5% significance level, do the data provide sufficient evidence to conclude that drinking fortified orange juice reduces PTH level more than drinking unfortified orange juice? (Note: The mean and standard deviation for the data on fortified juice are 9.0 pg/mL and 37.4 pg/mL, respectively, and for the data on unfortified juice, they are 1.6 pg/mL and 34.6 pg/mL, respectively.)