Learning at Home. M. Stuart et al. studied various aspects of grade-school children and their mothers and reported their findings in the article “Learning to Read at Home and at School” (British Journal of Educational Psychology, 68(1), pp. 3–14). The researchers gave a questionnaire to parents of 66 children in kindergarten through second grade. Two social-class groups, middle and working, were identified based on the mother’s occupation.

a. One of the questions dealt with the children’s knowledge of nursery rhymes. The following data were obtained. Social class Nursery-rhyme knowledge A few Some Lots Middle 4 13 15 Working 5 11 18 Are Assumptions 1 and 2 satisfied for a chi-square independence test? If so, conduct the test at the 1% significance level and interpret your results.

b. Another question dealt with whether the parents played “I Spy”

games with their children. The following data were obtained. Social class Frequency of games Never Sometimes Often Middle 2 8 22 Working 11 10 13 Are Assumptions 1 and 2 satisfied for a chi-square independence test? If so, conduct the test at the 1% significance level and interpret your results.