Northwest Atlantic Cod. Researchers M. Kroll et al. studied the influence of paternity on rates of mortality and development in eggs and larvae of Northwest Atlantic cod in the article, “Paternal Effects on Early Life History Traits in Northwest Atlantic Cod, Gadus morhua” (Journal of Applied Ichthyology, Vol. 29, Issue 3, pp. 623–

629). A sample of adult male Northwest Atlantic cod was collected in Nova Scotia, Canada. The following table gives the lengths, in centimeters (cm), of the cod sampled.

(47.6 65.1 54.6 48.5 58.6 67.9)

(48.1 62.5 52.4 55.4 57.1 55.8)

a. Using Table III in Appendix A, construct a normal probability plot of the given data.

b. Use part

(a) to identify any outliers.

c. Use part

(a) to assess the normality of the variable under consideration.