For each of the following examples, indicate whether it is an ex-vivo or in-vivo procedure:

(a) removing white blood cells from a person, introducing a gene into the cells in vitro, and then injecting those cells back into the person’s body;

(b) administering, by inhalation, an aerosol containing viral vectors to be incorporated in the epithelial cells of the bronchioles;

(c) genetically engineered cells implanted into a person’s peritoneal cavity and then secreting and releasing insulin.