The short title appears in the upper-right margin of an APA-style manuscript (on all pages except the figure pages) and is usually the first two or three meaningful words of the title of the paper. The short title will not appear in the paper if it is ultimately published; it is simply used for organizational purposes during the review process. The running head appears only on the title page of the manuscript and briefly

(50 characters or less) conveys the nature of the paper. If the paper is ultimately published, the running head will appear at the top of each page of the journal article.