=+10.4 Do state laws that allow private citizens to carry concealed weapons result in a reduced crime rate? The author of a study carried out by the Brookings Institution is reported as saying, “The strongest thing I could say is that I don’t see any strong evidence that they are reducing crime”

(San Luis Obispo Tribune, January 23, 2003).

a. Is this conclusion consistent with testing H0 : concealed weapons laws reduce crime versus Ha : concealed weapons laws do not reduce crime or with testing H0 : concealed weapons laws do not reduce crime versus