Data 1.3 on page 10 discusses a study designed to test whether applying metal tags is detrimental to penguins. Exercise 6.178 investigates the survival rate of the penguins. The scientists also studied the breeding success of the metal- and electronic-tagged penguins. Metal-tagged penguins successfully produced offspring in 32% of the 122 total breeding seasons, while the electronic-tagged penguins succeeded in 44% of the 160 total breeding seasons. Construct a 95% confidence interval for the difference in proportion successfully producing offspring (p_M − p_E). Interpret the result.

Data 1.3 on page 10

Do metal tags on penguins harm them? Scientists trying to tell penguins apart have several ways to tag the birds. One method involves wrapping metal strips with ID numbers around the penguin’s flipper, while another involves electronic tags. Neither tag seems to physically harm the penguins. However, since tagged penguins are used to study all penguins, scientists wanted to determine whether the metal tags have any significant effect on the penguins. Data were collected over a 10-year time span from a sample of 100 penguins that were randomly given either metal or electronic tags. This included information on number of chicks, survival over the decade, and length of time on foraging trips.