Positioning is an important consideration in the strategic management process.

Which of these commercial arrangements falls under the category of differentiation and which ones do for cost leadership? Are any of these neither here nor there?

(a) Prada handbags

(b) Space tourism

(c) A retail outlet selling low-end goods in a high-end shopping district

(d) Price-competitive wholesome meals delivered to the home but with a minimal dollar order

(e) The hiring of technical staff from developing countries to produce complex software

(f) Whiskey served as shots from leftover bottles during the inauguration of Britain’s Queen Elizabeth II

(g) The use of interns and college undergraduates to assemble expensive jewelry targeted at Millennials

(h) Vertu phones

(i) Limited-edition T-shirts made by special-needs orphans and signed by the head of state