8. What is meant by a progressive tax? A regressive tax? A proportional tax? Comment on the progressivity or regressivity of each of the following taxes, indicating in each case where you think the tax incidence lies:

(a) the federal personal income tax,

(b) a 4 percent state general sales tax,

(c) a federal excise tax on automobile tires,

(d) a municipal property tax on real estate, (e)

the federal corporate income tax,

(f) the portion of the payroll tax levied on employers. LO20.6