Certain birth defects and syndromes are polygenetic in nature. Typically, the chance that an offspring will be born with a polygenetic affliction is small. However, once an offspring is born with the affliction, the probability that future offspring of the same parents will be born with the same affliction increases. Let’s assume that the probability of a child being born with affliction Ais 0.001. If a child is born with this affliction, the probability of a future child being born with the same affliction becomes 0.04.

(a) Are the events of the births of two children in the same family with affliction A independent?

(b) A couple plans to have one child. Determine the prob-ability that the child will be born with this affliction. A couple plans to have two children. Use the information provided to determine the probability that

(c) Both children will be born with the affliction.

(d) The first will be born with the affliction and the second will not.

(e) The first will not be born with the affliction and the second will. 

(f) Neither will be born with the affliction.