Electric cars are considered by many to be environmentally friendlier than cars with a conventional internal combustion engine. An electric sedan can travel 100 miles using 34 kWh of electricity. A similar gasoline sedan travels 100 miles with four gallons of gasoline. Electricity costs $0.12/kWh, while gasoline costs $2.49 per gallon. Calculate the costs of the two cars traveling 300 miles. Using data in Tables 11.2 and 11.3,

Table 11.2 & 11.3:

Determine the sources of electricity that must be used if the electric car is to have a smaller carbon footprint than the gasoline car.

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Table 11.2 Greenhouse gas emissions factors for selected products and activities [5]. N₂0 factor, CO₂ factor, kg/unit kg/unit Item Bituminous coal Natural gas Kerosene Motor gasoline Diesel Ethanol CNG 2.563 1.922 New England Northwest Rockies Midwest South California 366.9 CH4 factor, kg/unit 327.8 382.5 861.1 822.1 614.8 277.3 0.302 0.036 41.22 2.32 2.697 1.519 1.924 Emissions due to the generation of electricity for selected US regions 0.044 0.004 6.077 0.033 0.007 0.01 0.009 0.01 0.013 0.006 0.006 0.013 0.013 0.009 0.003 Unit kg m L L L L m³ MWh MWh MWh MWh MWh MWh