In case study 4, find answers to the following questions:

a. What does nonstationarity mean and how is it detected in a set of data? What would the presence of nonstationarity in a set of hydrologic data mean?

b. What are univariate and bivariate distributions and which is better suited for flood occurrence probability studies?

c. What are flood protection strategies? Mention instances of use of such strategies in flood protection systems of coastal cities. On what basis were these strategies designed in this case study?

Data from problem 4 List some of the implications of the major findings of the first three case studies in building resilient cities of the future.