12. A station running TCP/IP needs to transfer a file to a host. The file contains 2,048 bytes. How many bytes, including all of the TCP/IP overhead, would be sent, assuming a payload size of 512 bytes and that both systems are running IPv4? (Also assume that the three-way handshake and window size negotiation have been completed and that no errors occur during transmission.)

a) What is the protocol overhead (stated as a percentage)?

b) Perform the same calculation, this time assuming that both clients are using IPv6.