16. A 14-inch (nominal) schedule 40 cast-iron pipe is used to convey 12 million gallons per day of benzene. The pipeline is 3 miles long, the pump motor is 39 percent efficient, and electricity costs 7.5 cents per kWh. An arrangement with a 12-inch and a 16-inch line in parallel with the existing 14-inch line is to be investigated.

(a) What is the yearly pumping cost for the single pipe?

(b) What is the yearly pumping cost for the parallel arrangement?

(c) Work parts

(a) and

(b) if three filters, each with a loss coefficient of 150, are placed in the lines. For part

(a) place all three in the single line; for part

(b) place one in each line.