The evaporator of a refrigeration cycle is being used to chill water. The water flows in the tubes while the refrigerant boils in the shell. The water enters the heat exchanger at a flow rate of 50 L/s. The average temperature of the water through the heat exchanger is 6°C. The shell of the heat exchanger has a diameter of 21¼-in.
The tubes in the heat exchanger have a length of 3.5 m and are ¾-in 16 BWG tubes on a 1-in square pitch. Determine the pressure drop (kPa) on the tube side of the heat exchanger for a single-pass, 2-pass, and 4-pass tube design.