In 1976, Ewan Cameron and Linus Pauling (the only person to have won two unshared Nobel Prizes)
Question:
In 1976, Ewan Cameron and Linus Pauling (the only person to have won two unshared Nobel Prizes) published a paper showing that vitamin C was an effective treatment for some kinds of cancer. They measured the life spans of a sample of 100 patients who were given extra doses of vitamin C. As a control, they pulled the records of several hundred patients from the same clinic who had died from the same types of terminal cancer, and who were matched to the vitamin C patients for their age, sex, and type of cancer. They found that the patients with extra vitamin C lived on average 2.7 times longer than the controls. A later study by Moertel et al. (1985) randomly assigned two treatments to cancer patients, supplemental vitamin C and control, and followed the patients with a double-blind study. This later study found no difference between the two groups for their life spans.
a. Give plausible reasons why the two studies might have found different results.
b. From the information given, which study is expected to give the most reliable results? Why?
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