The early movies by Eadweard Muybridge in the late 19th century showed for the first time the exact positions and movements of the legs during walking by horses and other large mammals. How much has this scientific analysis affected the representation of such animals in art? And how well do modern images of quadrupeds depict walking compared to images made by prehistoric humans? Horvath et al. (2012) examined a large number of images of horses and other animals in art created after Muybridge, in art made by modern humans before Muybridge, and in art from prehistoric humans depicted in cave paintings. For each image, they assessed whether the animal was presented in a biologically realistic posture. The data are at the bottom of the page.

a. Draw a graph of these data. What is the pattern?

b. Is there a statistically significant difference in modern images before and after Muybridge in the probability of getting the posture correct?

c. What assumptions are you making in (b)?

d. Calculate a confidence interval for the proportion of prehistoric paintings that depicted walking posture correctly.

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