Stephen Hawking, the world-renowned physicist, and occasional guest star on a popular comedy TV show was diagnosed with motor neuron disease in 1963 at the age of 21 and was given two years to live. A scientific genius with a literary flair and a wicked sense of humor, he has survived and thrived despite what physicians told him. Which ethical principles do you hypothesize his specialists were following when they advised him and his young wife to get his affairs in order?