What is the effective nuclear charge that acts on each electron in the outer shell of the

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What is the effective nuclear charge that acts on each electron in the outer shell of the calcium (Z = 20) atom?
Would you think that such an electron is relatively easy or relatively hard to detach from the atom?

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The Physical Universe

ISBN: 978-0077862619

16th edition

Authors: Konrad B Krauskopf, Arthur Beiser

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