A manufacturing process that unintentionally introduces cracks to the surface of a part was used to produce load-bearing components. The design requires that the component be able to withstand a stress of 450 MPa. The component failed catastrophically in service. You are a failure analysis engineer who must determine whether the component failed due to an overload in service or flaws from the manufacturing process. The manufacturer claims that the components ere polished to remove the cracks and i0nspected to ensure that no surface cracks ere larger than 0.5 mm. The manufacturer believes the component failed due to operator error.
It has been independently verified that the 5-cm diameter part was subjected to a tensile load of 1 MN (10⁶ N).

The material from which the component is made has a fracture toughness of 75 MPa √m and an ultimate tensile strength of 600 MPa. Assume external cracks for which f = 1.12.
(a) Who is at fault for the component failure, the manufacturer or the perator? Show your work for both cases.
(b) In addition to the analysis that you presented in (a), what features might you look for on the fracture surfaces to support your conclusion?