8. A machine in use is replaced by a new machine either when it fails or when

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8. A machine in use is replaced by a new machine either when it fails or when it reaches the age of T years. If the lifetimes of successive machines are independent with a common distribution F having density f , show that

(a) the long-run rate at which machines are replaced equals

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(b) the long-run rate at which machines in use fail equals

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