For correct operation of the catalytic converter in an automobile, the air–fuel ratio of the engine must be precisely controlled to near the stoichiometric value. This control is achieved using feedback from an O₂ sensor located in the exhaust stream.

A. If the equivalent composition of gasoline is given by C₈H₁₅, determine the value of the stoichiometric air–fuel ratio (by mass). Assume that air is a simple mixture of O₂ and N₂ in molar proportions of 1:3.76.

B. Assuming complete combustion at stoichiometric conditions, determine the mole fractions of each constituent in the exhaust stream. 

C. Determine the molar mass (apparent molecular weight) of the exhaust gas mixture.

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Engine O₂ sensor Catalytic converter