On January 1, Top Flight Company purchased a $68,000 machine. The estimated life of the machine was five years, and the estimated salvage value was $5,000. The machine had an estimated useful life in productive output of 75,000 units. Actual output for the first two years was: year 1, 20,000 units; year 2, 15,000 units. 1. Compute the amount of depreciation expense for the first year, using each of the following methods:

a. Straight-line.

b. Units-of-production.

c. Sum-of-the-years’-digits.

d. Double-declining-balance. 2. What was the book value of the machine at the end of the first year, assuming that straight-line depreciation was used? 3. If the machine is sold at the end of the fourth year for $15,000, how much should the company report as a gain or loss (assuming straight-line depreciation)?