Venator Group (formally Woolworth Corporation) is a large global retailer of athletic footwear and apparel, including the Fpot Locker family of stores. Champs Sports, and EastBay. The following are several of Venator's investing and financing activities as reflected in a recent annual statement of cash flows.

a. Reduction of long-term debt.

b. Sale of land.

c. Issuance of common stock.

d. Capital expenditures (for property, plant, and equipment).

e. Issuance of short-term debt.

Required:

For each of these, indicate whether the activity is investing (I) or financing (F) and the direction of the effect on cash flows (+ = increases cash; - = decreases cash).