Suppose that between 2015 and 2016 the market for Grey's special-purpose machines grew at 3%.

All increases in market share (that is, sales increases greater than 3%) are the result of Grey's strategic actions. (Continuation of Exercise 13-19).

Required

Calculate how much of the change in operating income between 2015 and 2016 is due to industry market size factors, cost leadership, and product differentiation. How successful has Grey been in implementing its strategy? Explain.