Suppose the Celsius temperature of an ideal gas is doubled from 100 °C to 200 °C.
(a) Does the average kinetic energy of the molecules in this gas increase by a factor that is greater than, less than, or equal to 2?
(b) Choose the best explanation from among the following:
I. Changing the temperature from 100 °C to 200 °C goes beyond the boiling point, which will increase the kinetic energy by more than a factor of 2.
II. The average kinetic energy is directly proportional to the temperature, so doubling the temperature doubles the kinetic energy.
III. Doubling the Celsius temperature from 100 °C to 200 °C changes the Kelvin temperature from 373.15 K to 473.15 K, which is an increase of less than a factor of 2.