The journal Biology of Sport (Vol. 31, 2014) published a study of the physiological performance of top-level water polo players. Eight Olympic male water polo players participated in the study. Two variables were measured for each during competition: mean heart rate over the four quarters of the game (expressed as a percentage of maximum heart rate) and maximal oxygen uptake (a measure of fitness). One objective of the study was to predict a player's heart rate based on the player's maximal oxygen uptake.
a. In this study, identify the dependent and independent variables.
b. Explain why a probabilistic model is more appropriate than a deterministic model.
c. Write the equation of the straight-line, probabilistic model?