The numbered items below are concepts that underlie activity-based systems, such as ABM and JIT. Match each concept to the related lettered element(s) of a JIT operating environment.

1. Business processes are simplified.

2. The quality of the product or service is critical.

3. Employees are cross-trained.

4. Large inventories waste resources and may hide bad work.

5. Goods should be produced only when needed.

6. Equipment downtime is minimized.

a. Minimum inventory levels

b. Pull-through production

c. Quick machine setups

d. A multiskilled work force

e. High levels of product quality

f. Effective preventive maintenance