The opinions of employees at Asia-Pacific firms regarding fraud, bribery, and corruption in the workplace were elicited in the 2015 Asia- Pacific (APAC) Fraud Survey. Interviews were conducted with a sample 1,508 employees of large APAC companies. One question concerned whether or not the employee's company had implemented a "whistle-blower" hotline-that is, a phone number that an employee can call to report fraud or other types of misconduct without fear of retribution. The 2015 survey found that 680 of the 1,508 respondents' companies had not implemented a whistle-blower hotline. In comparison, 436 of the 681 respondents in the 2013 survey reported their companies had not implemented a whistle-blower hotline.

a. Test H0: p = .5 against Ha: p < .5 using data from the 2015 survey and α = .05. Give a practical interpretation of the results.

b. Test H0: p = .5 against Ha: p > .5 using data from the 2013 survey and α = .05. Give a practical interpretation of the results.