This question pertains to the use of nonfinancial performance indicators as part of a comprehensive management accounting and control system. You are asked to think critically about the value and challenges of using such data for performance-evaluation purposes. The following source should be accessed and read prior to answering the questions that appear below: Christopher D. Ittner and David F. Larker, “Coming Up Short on Nonfinancial Performance Measurement,” Harvard Business Review (November 2003), pp. 88–95.

Required
1. What are the primary benefits of incorporating nonfinancial performance indicators as part of an overall management accounting and control system?
2. Why do the authors of this above-referenced article believe that many companies fail to realize the kinds of benefits listed above in (1)?
3. The Institute of Management Accountants (IMA) recently revised its definition of “management accounting” (see www.imanet.org/pdf/definition.pdf). After accessing this statement, comment on an appropriate role of the management accountant as regards the development and use of nonfinancial performance indicators.