Solve Exercise 8.11 with a right-triangle diagram. In Exercise 8.11 One thousand kilograms per hour of a 45 wt% acetone in- water solution is to be extracted at 25?C in a Continuous, countercurrent...
Nitrogen gas at 60 kPa and 7C enters an adiabatic diffuser steadily with a velocity of 200 m/s and leaves at 85 kPa and 22C. Determine (a) The exit velocity of the nitrogen and (b) The ratio of the...
A heat exchanger is to cool ethylene glycol (cp = 2.56 kJ/kg C) flowing at a rate of 2 kg/s from 80C to 40C by water (cp = 4.18 kJ/kg C) that enters at 20C and leaves at 55C. Determine (a) the rate...
A rigid tank is divided into two equal parts by a partition. One part of the tank contains 1.5 kg of compressed liquid water at 300 kPa and 60C and the other side is evacuated. Now the partition is...
The column is used to support the upper floor. If a force F is applied perpendicular to the handle to tighten the screw, determine the compressive force in the column. The square-threaded screw on...
Consider the bonding operation described in Problem 3.103, which was analyzed under steady-state conditions. In this case however, the laser will be used to heat the film for a prescribed period of...
A wet steam at 20bar with a quality of 0.97 (see Problem 7.32) leaks through a defective steam trap and expands to a pressure of 1 atm. The process can be considered to take place in two stages: a...
Each of the three members of the frame has a mass per unit length of 6 kg/m. Locate the position (x, y) of the center of mass. Neglect the size of the pins at the joints and the thickness of the...
The addition of insulation to a cylindrical surface, such as a wire, may increase the rate of heat dissipation to the surroundings (see Problem 2.4). (a) For a No. 10 wire (0.26 cm in diameter), what...
Why is a just-in-time compiler useful for executing Java programs?
A horizontal uninsulated steam pipe passes through a large room whose walls and ambient air are at 300 K. The pipe of 150-mm diameter has an emissivity of 0.85 and an outer surface temperature of 400...
An inventor has devised a complicated non-flow process in which I mol of air is the working fluid. The net effects of the process are claimed lo be; A change in state of the air from 250oC and 3 bar...
A bolted lap joint using SAE grade 5 bolts and members made of cold-drawn SAE 1040 steel is shown in the figure. Find the tensile shear load F that can be applied to this connection if the following...
An air-conditioning system is used to maintain a house at a constant temperature of 20C. The house is gaining heat from outdoors at a rate of 20,000 kJ/h, and the heat generated in the house from the...
Blocks A and B weigh W1 and W2, respectively. Using the coefficients of static friction indicated, determine the greatest weight W of block E without causing motion. Given: W1 = 50 lb d = 12 W2 = 30...
A stream of water of cross-sectional area A and velocity v1 strikes a plate which is held motionless by a force P. Determine the magnitude of P, knowing that A = 500 mm2, v1 = 25 m/s and V =0. V P
Consider a sequence of letters of the English alphabet with their probabilities of occurrence as given here: Letter a i l m n o p y Probability 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 Compute two different...
Fifty-thousand pounds per hour of a 20 wt% aqueous solution of NaOH at 120F is to be fed to an evaporator operating at 3.7 psia, where the solution is concentrated to 40 wt% NaOH. The heating medium...
An unknown sample of Cu2+ gave an absorbance of 0.262 in an atomic absorption analysis. Then 1.00 mL of solution containing 100.0 ppm (= g/mL)Cu2+ was mixed with 95.0 mL of unknown, and the mixture...
Listed below are six springs described in customary units and five springs described in SI units. Investigate these squared-and-ground-ended helical compression springs to see if they are solid-safe....
A thick-walled steel pipe (k = 60 W/m K) carrying hot water is cooled externally by a cross-flow airstream at a velocity of 20 m/s and a temperature of 25C. The inner and outer diameters of the pipe...
The coefficient of static friction between wedges B and C is s1 and between the surfaces of contact B and A and C and D, s2. If the spring is compressed to a distance when in the position shown,...
Determine the interior surface area of the brake piston. It consists of a full circular part. Its cross section is shown in the figure. Given: a = 40 mm b = 30 mm c = 20 mm d = 20 mm e = 80 mm f = 60...
Consider the 100-L Dewar (a rigid double-walled vessel for storing cryogenic liquids). The Dewar contains nitrogen at 1 atm, 90% liquid and 10% vapor by volume. The insulation holds heat transfer...
The gate AB is located at the end of a 6-ft-wide water channel and is supported by hinges along its top edge A. Knowing that the floor of the channel is frictionless, determine the reactions at A and...
Gold is commonly used in semiconductor packaging to form interconnections (also known as interconnects) that carry electrical signals between different devices in the package. In addition to being a...
Consider cylindrical and spherical shells with inner and outer surfaces at r1 and r2 maintained at uniform temperatures Ts.1 and Ts.2 respectively. If there is uniform heat generation within the...
A long cylindrical rod of very high emissivity is heat treated within a long, evacuated oven of square cross section as shown in the sketch. The oven walls exhibit blackbody behavior. Due to...
The cast-iron bell-crank lever depicted in the figure is acted upon by forces F1 of 2.4 kN and F2 of 3.2 kN. The section AA at the central pivot has a curved inner surface with a radius of ri = 25...
A gas refrigeration system using air as the working fluid has a pressure ratio of 4. Air enters the compressor at 27oC. The high-pressure air is cooled to 27oC by rejecting heat to the surroundings....
A long bar of rectangular cross section is 60 mm by 90 mm on a side and has a thermal conductivity of 1W/m K. One surface is exposed to a convection process with air at 100C and a convection...
Air at I atm and 285 K enters a 2-m-long rectangular duct with cross section 75 mm by 150 mm. The duct is maintained at a constant surface temperature of 400 K and the air mass flow rate is 0.10...
If a force P = 100 N is applied to the lever arm of the toggle press, determine the clamping force developed in the block when ? = 45?. Neglect the weight of the block. -200 mm B. 200 mm 500 mm-
Refrigerant-134a at 700 kPa, 70C, and 8 kg/min is cooled by water in a condenser until it exists as a saturated liquid at the same pressure. The cooling water enters the condenser at 300 kPa and 15C...
A fence consists of wooden posts and a steel cable fastened to each post and anchored in the ground at A and D. Knowing that the sum of the moments about the z axis of the forces exerted by the cable...
A process has been modeled and Laplace transformed to obtain the following two equations: where the outputs are Y1 and Y2, and the inputs are U1 and U2.(a) Find the transfer functions (b) What is the...
Given the Pitot stagnation temperature and pressure and the static-pressure measurements in Fig P9.22, estimate the air velocity V, assuming (a) Incompressible flow and (b) Compressible flow. Vi Air...
The drinking water needs of an office are met by cooling tab water in a refrigerated water fountain from 23 to 6C at an average rate of 10 kg/h. If the COP of this refrigerator is 3.1, the required...
An object of irregular shape 1 m long maintained at a constant temperature of 100C is suspended in an airstream having a free stream temperature of OC, pressure of I atm, and a velocity of 120 m/s....
A 280-kg crate is supported by several rope-and-pulley arrangements as shown. Determine for each arrangement the tension in the rope. (a) a)
In the design of buildings, energy conservation requirements dictate that the exterior surface area, A" be minimized. This requirement implies that, for a desired floor space, there may be optimum...
A thin rod of diameter D is initially in equilibrium with its surroundings, a large vacuum enclosure at temperature Tsur. Suddenly an electrical current I (A) is passed through the rod having an...
To assess the efficacy of different liquids for cooling an object of given size and shape by forced convection it is convenient to introduce figure of merit, FF, which combines the influence of an...
A transmission tower is held by three guy wires anchored by bolts at B, C, and D. If the tension in wire AD is 1260 N, determine the components of the force exerted by the wire on the bolt at D. 20 m
Viscous heat generation in a polymer melt rework the problem discussed in S10.4 for a molten polymer, whose viscosity can be adequately described by the power law model (see Chapter 8). Show that the...
It has been proposed that oxygen be separated from nitrogen by absorbing and desorbing air in water. Pressures from 101.3 to 10,130 kPa and temperatures between 0 and 100C are to be used. (a) Devise...
A liquid storage system is shown below. The normal operating conditions are q 1 = 10 ft 3 /min, q 2 = 5 ft 3 /min, h = 4 ft. The tank is 6 ft in diameter, and the density of each stream is 60lb/ft....
Suppose that a process can be adequately modeled by the first-order-plus-time-delay model in Eq. 12-10. (a) Calculate PI controller settings using the Hagglund-Astrom tuning relations in Table 12.4....
Derive (15-44). Use this equation to solve the following problem. Sulfate ion is to be removed from 60 L of water by exchanging it with chloride ion on 1 L of a strong-base resin with relative molar...
(Each part of this problem is quite long and best worked by groups of students.) Peak intensities of the molecular ion region are listed in parts (a) - (g) and shown in the figure. Identify which...
A R-12 heat pump cycle shown in Fig P6.47 has a R-12 flow rate of 0.05 kg/s with 4 kW into the compressor. The following data are given Calculate the heat transfer from the compressor, the heat...
A force and a couple lying in the yz plane are applied to the end of a cantilevered wide-flange beam. This system is to be replaced with a single equivalent force. (a) For θ =15°, determine...
A handball player throws a ball from A with a horizontal velocity v0. Knowing that d = 15 ft, determine(a) The value of v0 for which the ball will strike the corner C,(b) The range of values of v0...
The motion of a particle on the surface of a right circular cylinder is defined by the relations, R = A = 2t, and z = At2 / 4, where A is a constant. Determine the magnitudes of the velocity and...
A diffuse, opaque surface at 700 K has spectral emissivities of ?? = 0 for 0 1000 Wim? 30% L= 1 m 6. (urti u/m)
LM35 is selected as asensors. Classify the sensor in all possible ways. Extract all performance characteristics Total Words: 457
A 5-m-long beam is loaded as shown. Determine the loading of Prob 3.98 that is equivalent to this loading. 5 m- 350 N 650 N S00 N fo.s m B. o.S m. 1.27 kN m S00 N
A plate of thickness 2L = 25 mm at a temperature of 600C is removed from a hot pressing operation and must be cooled rapidly in order to achieve the required physical properties. The process engineer...
The stretch of a uniform rod in tension is given by the formula = Fl / AE. Suppose the terms in this equation are random variables and have parameters as follows Estimate the mean, the standard...
Consider a regenerative gas-turbine power plant with two stages of compression and two stages of expansion. The overall pressure ratio of the cycle is 9. The air enters each stage of the compressor...
Nitrogen gas at 400 K and 300 kPa behaves as an ideal gas. Estimate the cp and cv of the nitrogen at this state, using enthalpy and internal energy data from Table A18, and compare them to the values...
Efficiency of a solar engine, a device for utilizing solar energy, developed by Abbot, consists of a parabolic mirror that focuses the impinging sunlight onto a Pyrex tube containing a high-boiling,...
Equation of change for entropy this problem is an introduction to the thermodynamics of irreversible processes. A treatment of multi component mixtures is given in SS24.1 and 2. (a) Write an entropy...
A three-phase generator step-up transformer is rated 26-kV: 345-kV, 850 MVA and has a series impedance of 0.0035 + j0.087 per unit on this base. It is connected to a 26-kV, 800-MVA generator, which...
A theoretical force balance for the control valve shown in Figure can be expressed as Assuming the second-order differential equation is linear, find values of the coefficients of the equation (in...
A passive solar house that is losing heat to the outdoors at an average rate of 50,000 kJ/h is maintained at 22°C at all times during a winter night for 10 h. The house is to be heated by 50...
Three loads are suspended as shown from cable ABCDE. Knowing that 12 dC = ft, determine (a) The components of the reaction at E, (b) The maximum tension in the cable. 5 ft -15 ft- 15 ft -15 ft E. de...
It is well known that, although two materials are at the same temperature, one may feel cooler to the touch than the other. Consider thick plates of copper and glass, each at an initial temperature...
A long rectangular plate of AISI 304 stainless steel is initially at 1200 K and is cooled by an array of slot jets (see Figure 7.16). The nozzle width and pitch are W = 10 mm and S = 100 mm,...
Special coatings are often formed by depositing thin layers of a molten material on a solid substrate. Solidification begins at the substrate surface and proceeds until the thickness S of the solid...
Free convection velocity. (a) Verify the expression for the average velocity in the upward-moving stream in Eq. 10.9-16. (b) Evaluate for the conditions given below. (c) What is the average velocity...
An aqueous solution containing 10 mol% isopropanol is fed at its bubble point to the top of a continuous stripping column, operated at atmospheric pressure, to produce a vapor containing 40 mol%...
In Example 16.1, the ultimate gain for the primary controller was found to be 43.3 when Kc2 = 5. (a) Derive the closed-loop transfer functions for Y1/D1 and Y1/D2 as a function of Kc1 and Kc2. (b)...
The thin rod has a weight W and rests against the floor and wall for which the coefficients of static friction are ? A and ? B , respectively. Determine the smallest value of ? for which the rod will...
A long, hollow cylinder is constructed from a material whose thermal conductivity is a function of temperature according to k = 0.060 + 0.00060 T, where T is in ?F and k is in Btu/h ?F. The inner and...
Air is compressed from 14.7 psia and 60F to a pressure of 150 psia while being cooled at a rate of 10 Btu/lbm by circulating water through the compressor casing. The volume flow rate of the air at...
A ball of mass M rests between the grooves A and B of the incline and against a vertical wall at C. If all three surfaces of contact are smooth, determine the reactions of the surfaces on the ball....
The electrical-substitution radiometer shown schematically determines the optical (radiant) power of a beam by measuring the electrical power required to heat the receiver to the same temperature....
The structural components of modern aircraft are commonly fabricated of high-performance composite materials. These materials are fabricated by impregnating mats of extremely strong fibers that are...
The 10-kg square plate shown is supported by three vertical wires. Determine (a) The tension in each wire when a = 100 mm, (b) The value of a for which tensions in the three wires are equal. 300 mm
Multiple discharges into a common conduit (Fig. 7B.6) extend Example 7.6-1 to an incompressible fluid discharging from several tubes into a larger tube with a net increase in cross section. Such...
Determine the unstretched length of spring AC if a force P = 80 lb causes the angle ? = 60 o for equilibrium. Cord AB is 2 ft long. Take k = 50 lb/ft. -2 h 2 ft-
Suppose the hypothetical processor of also has two I/O instructions: 0011 = Load AC from I/O 0111 = Store AC to I/O In these cases, the 12-bit address identifies a particular external device. Show...
The vectors P and Q are two adjacent sides of a parallelogram. Determine the area of the parallelogram when (a) (3 in.) (7 in.) (a P= i+ j2 in.)k and Q= (5 in.)i + (1 in.)j + (3 in.)k (b) P = (2...
Germanium tetrachloride (GeC14) and silicon tetrachloride (SiC14) are used in the production of optical fibers. Both chlorides are oxidized at high temperature and converted to glasslike particles....
A horizontal tube of 12.5-mm diameter with an outer surface temperature of 240C is located in a room with an air temperature of 20C. Estimate the heat transfer rate per unit length of the tube due to...
The figure shows the behavior of Pt and Ag cathodes at which reduction of H 3 O + to H 2 (g) occurs. Explain why the two curves are not superimposed. Pt Ag 0.5 -0.2-0.3-0.4-0.6-0.7-0.8-0.9 E(V vs....
A ¾ -in-thick steel bar, to be used as a beam, is welded to a vertical support by two fillet welds as illustrated. (a) Find the safe bending force F if the permissible shear stress in the...
During a regeneration process, some steam is extracted from the turbine and is used to heat the liquid water leaving the pump. This does not seem like a smart thing to do since the extracted steam...
A roof truss is loaded as shown. Determine the force in members FH, GJ, and GI. askip
Flowerate calculation (Fig. 7A.6) for the system shown in the figure, calculate the volume flow rate of water at 68F.
Lime (calcium oxide) is widely used in the production of cement, steel, medicines, insecticides, plant and animal food, soap, rubber, and many other familiar materials. It is usually produced by...
The same 02-30 angular-contact ball bearing as in Prob. 1118 is to be subjected to a two-step loading cycle of 4 min with a loading of 18 kN, and one of 6 min with a loading of 30 kN. This cycle is...
Find Io in the network shown using Thevenins Theorem 4mA Io
A camera of mass 240 g is mounted on a small tripod of mass 200g, assuming that the mass of the camera is uniformly distributed and that the line of action of the weight of the tripod passes through...
Construct the hypothetical phase diagram for metals A and B between temperatures of 600C and 1000C given the following information: The melting temperature of metal A is 940C. The solubility of B...
If ? = 30? and F 1 = 250 lb, determine the magnitude of the resultant force acting on the bracket and its direction measured clockwise from the positive x axis. ? ? F = 300 lb F= 260 lb
Determine the surface area and volume of the wheel formed by revolving the cross-sectional area 360o about the zaxis. 1 in. 1 in. 15 in. 4 in.- 2 in.
Carbon dioxide is stripped from water by air in a wetted-wall tube. At a certain location, where the pressure is 10 atM and the temperature is 25oC, the mass-transfer flux of CO2 is 1.62 Ibmouh-ft2....
The Ideal Gas Company has built a stirred-tank chemical reactor with a paddle-type agitator. Dr. A. Quirk, head of the Chemical Kinetics and Reactor Design Group, is attempting to determine why his...