A 30-cm-OD pipe with a surface temperature of 90?C carries steam over a distance of 100 m. The pipe is buried with its center line at a depth of 1 m, the ground surface is ?? 6?C, and the mean...
A piston/cylinder has ammonia at 2000 kPa, 80oC with a volume of 0.1 m3. The piston is loaded with a linear spring and outside ambient is at 20oC, shown in Fig. P8.71. The ammonia now cools down to...
Hot combustion gases enter the nozzle of a turbojet engine at 260 kPa, 747°C, and 80 m/s and exit at 70 kPa and 500°C. Assuming the nozzle to be adiabatic and the surroundings to be at...
A hand truck is used to move two barrels, each weighing 80 lb. Neglecting the weight of the hand truck, determine (a) The vertical force P which should be applied to the handle to maintain...
The blade of an oscillating fan and the rotor of its motor have a total mass of 300 g and a combined radius of gyration of 75 mm. They are supported by bearings at A and B, 125 mm apart, and rotate...
Methanol (M) is to be separated from water (W) by distillation as shown in Figure. The feed is subcooled such that q = 1.12. Determine the feed-stage location and the number of theoretical stages...
Nitrogen gas enters a diffuser at 100 kPa and 150C with a velocity of 180 m/s, and leaves at 110 kPa and 25 m/s. It is estimated that 4.5 kJ/kg of heat is lost from the diffuser to the surroundings...
The compound shears are used to cut metal parts. Determine the vertical cutting force exerted on the rod R if a force F is applied at the grip G. The lobe CDE is in smooth contact with the head of...
Determine the distance h to which a hole of diameter d must be bored into the base of the cone so that the center of mass of the resulting shape is located at zc. The material has a density . Given:...
An 4-kg collar A can slide without friction along a vertical rod and is released from rest in the position shown with the springs undeformed. Knowing that the constant of each spring is 300 N/m,...
Cite five important characteristics for polymers that are to be used in thin-film applications.
In Example 4.4, a two-tank system is presented. Using state-space notation, determine the matrices A, B, C, and E, assuming the level deviations h1 and h2 are the state variables, the input variable...
A second-order critically damped process has the transfer function (a) For a step change in Input of magnitude M, what is the time (tS) required for such a process to settle to within 5% of the total...
Consider a pistoncylinder device that contains 0.5 kg air. Now, heat is transferred to the air at constant pressure and the air temperature increases by 5C. Determine the expansion work done during...
Air at 20C and 5 atm is throttled by a valve to 2 atm. If the valve is adiabatic and the change in kinetic energy is negligible, the exit temperature of air will be (a) 10C (d) 20C (b) 14C (e) 24C...
Determine the capacity, in gallons, of the punch bowl shown if 12 R = in. R.
Many laptop computers are equipped with thermal management systems that involve liquid cooling of the central processing unit (CPU), transfer of the heated liquid to the back of the laptop screen...
For the MgOAl2O3 system, what is the maximum temperature that is possible without the formation of a liquid phase? At what composition or over what range of compositions will this maximum temperature...
For the shaft shown in the figure, let a1 = 4 in, b1 = 12 in, a2 = 10 in, F1 = 100 lbf, F2 = 300 lbf, and E = 30 Mpsi. The shaft is to be sized so that the maximum slope at either bearing A or...
Find the voltage Vo in the network shown. 1 kQ 2 kQ 24 mA 6 kQ 3 kQ 6 kQ 12 kQ
Knowing that at the instant shown the angular velocity of rod AB is 15 rad/s clockwise, determine (a) The angular velocity of rod BD, (b) The velocity of the midpoint of rod BD. 200 mm 250 mm 200 600...
A mixture of propionic and n-butyric acids, which can be assumed to form ideal solutions, is to be separated by distillation into a distillate containing 95 mol% propionic acid and a bottoms product...
Shown in the figure is a uniform-diameter shaft with bearing shoulders at the ends; the shaft is subjected to a concentrated moment M = 1200 lbf ?in. The shaft is of carbon steel and has a = 5 in and...
Neglecting friction, determine (a) The value of θ for which the tension in cable ABD is 3P/4, (b) The corresponding reaction at C.
Two friction wheels A and B are both rotating freely at 300 rpm counterclockwise when they are brought into contact. After 12 s of slippage, during which each wheel has a constant angular...
A 30-kg uniform thin panel is placed in a truck with end A resting on a rough horizontal surface and end B supported by a smooth vertical surface. Knowing that the panel remains in the position...
Flow rate for a given pressure drop. How many gal/hr of water at 68 o F can be delivered through a 1320-ft length of smooth 6.00-in. i. d. pipe under a pressure difference of 0.25 psi? Assume that...
In the production of many microelectronic devices, continuous chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes are used to deposit thin and exceptionally uniform silicon dioxide films on silicon wafers. One...
A perfectly stirred tank is used to heat a flowing liquid. The dynamics of the system have been determined to be approximately as shown in figure. Where: P is the power applied to the heater Q is the...
When a molten metal is cast in a mold that is a poor conductor, the dominant resistance to heat flow is within the mold wall. Consider conditions for which a liquid metal is solidifying in a...
A cooling coil consists of a bank of aluminum (k = 237 W/m K) finned tubes having the core configuration of figure and an inner diameter of 13.8 mm. The tubes are installed in a plenum whose square...
Waste heat from the exhaust gas of an industrial furnace is recovered by mounting a bank of un-finned tubes in the furnace stack. Pressurized water at a flow rate of 0.025 kg/s makes a single pass...
Ammonia in a piston/cylinder arrangement is at 700 kPa, 80C. It is now cooled at constant pressure to saturated vapor (state 2) at which point the piston is locked with a pin. The cooling continues...
The steam requirements of a manufacturing facility are being met by a boiler whose rated heat input is 3.6 x 106 Btu/h. The combustion efficiency of the boiler is measured to be 0.7 by a hand-held...
A homeowner is trying to decide between a high efficiency natural gas furnace with an efficiency of 97 percent and a ground-source heat pump with a COP of 3.5. The unit costs of electricity and...
Determine the mass moment of inertia of the steel machine element shown with respect to the y axis. (The density of steel is 7850 kg/m3.) 360 mm S0 mm 200 mm 240 min 50 mm 100 mm
Consider the roof of the refrigerated truck compartment described in Problem 7.20, but under conditions for which the truck is parked (V = 0), an other conditions remain unchanged. For as = B = 0.5,...
For the conditions described in Problem 1.44, determine the temperature distribution, T(r), in the container, expressing your result in terms of qo, ro, T, h, and the thermal conductivity k of the...
Consider a thin electrical heater attached to a plate and backed by insulation. Initially, the heater and plate are at the temperature of the ambient air, T . Suddenly, the power to the heater is...
A 50-lb package is projected up a 20? incline with an initial velocity of 40 ft/s. Knowing that the coefficient of kinetic friction between the package and the incline is 0.15, determine (a) The...
The standard heat of the reaction CaC2 (s) + 5 H2O (l) CaO (s) + 2 CO2 (g) + 5 H2 (g) is H = + 69.36 kJ/mol. (a) Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic at 25C? Would you have to heat or cool the...
A mixture of air and a fine spray of gasoline at ambient (outside air) temperature are fed to a set of piston-fitted cylinders in an automobile engine. Sparks ignite the combustible mixtures in one...
(a) From Figure, compute the length of time required for the average grain diameter to increase from 0.01 to 0.1 mm at 500?C for this brass material. (b) Repeat the calculation at 600?C. 850C 800C...
Illustrated in the figure is a 1 ½ -in-diameter steel countershaft that supports two pulleys. Pulley A delivers power to a machine causing a tension of 600 lbf in the tight side of the belt...
Air at 300 K and a flow rate of 3 kg/h passes upward through a 30-mm tube, as shown in the sketch. A thin film of water, also at 300 K, slowly falls downward on the inner surface of the tube....
Two identical uniform boards, each of weight 40 lb, are temporarily leaned against each other as shown. Knowing that the coefficient of static friction between all surfaces is 0.40, determine (a) The...
A 60-mm-radius disk spins at the constant rate 2 = 4 rad/s about an axis held by a housing attached to a horizontal rod that rotates at the constant rate 1 = 5 rad/s. Knowing that = 30?, determine...
Formaldehyde may be produced in the reaction between methanol and oxygen: 2 CH 3 OH (l) + O 2 (g) 2 HCHO (g) + 2 H 2 O (l): H = 326.2 kJ/mol. The standard heat of combustion of hydrogen is H 2 (g)...
For a Liquid-level control system similar to that in figure, Appelpolscher has argued that integral control action is not required because the process acts as an Integrator (cf, Eq. 11-77). To...
Three workers trying to move a 1 Ã 1 Ã 1.2-m crate apply to the crate the three horizontal forces shown. (a) If P = 240 N, replace the three forces with an equivalent force-couple...
It is known that on clear nights the air temperature need not drop below 0C before a thin layer of water on the ground will freeze. Consider such a layer of water on a clear night for which the...
Time for attainment of steady flow in tube flow (a) A heavy oil with a kinematic viscosity of 3.45 x 10 -4 m 2 /s, is at rest in a long vertical tube with a radius of 0.7 cm. The fluid is suddenly...
Estimate the minimum absorbent flow rate required for the separation calculated in Example 5.3 assuming that the key component is propane, whose flow rate in the exit vapor is to be 155.4 lbmol/h.
For a multistage bioseparation process described by the transfer function, Calculate the response to a step input change of magnitude, 1.5. (a) Obtain an approximate first- order-plus-delay model...
The propeller of a moderately large pleasure boat has been cast from a nickel-aluminum-bronze alloy that contains 82% Cu, 9% Al, 4% Ni, 4% Fe, and 1% Mn. It is approximately 13 inches in diameter...
R. W. Landgraf reported the following axial (push pull) endurance strengths for steels of differing ultimate strengths: (a) Plot the data with Se as ordinate and Su as abscissa. (b) Using the y = mx...
Water at 290 K and 0.2 kg/s flows through a Teflon tube (k = 0.35 W/m K) of inner and outer radii equal to 10 and 13 nun, respectively. A thin electrical heating tape wrapped around the outer...
Simulate a module called SPLIT, which takes a feed stream (SF) and splits it into two streams (S1 and S2), each having the composition and temperature of the feed stream. A fraction Xi of the feed...
Determine the resultant of the three forces of Problem 2.21. Problem 2.21: Determine the x and y components of each of the forces shown. 30 kN 20 AN 42 AN 20
Consider a thin-walled, metallic tube of length L = 1 m and inside diameter Di = 3 mm. Water enters the tube at m = 0.015 kg/s and Tm.i = 97C. (a) What is the outlet temperature of the water if the...
A well-insulated 4-m x 4-m x 5-m room initially at 10C is heated by the radiator of a steam heating system. The radiator has a volume of 15 L and is filled with superheated vapor at 200 kPa and 200C....
An aluminum alloy (2024) plate, heated to a uniform temperature of 227C, is al10wed to cool while vertically suspended in a room where the ambient air and surroundings are at 27C. The plate is 0.3 m...
An air-conditioning system is used to maintain a house at 75F when the temperature outside is 95F. The house is gaining heat through the walls and the windows at a rate of 800 Btu/min, and the heat...
An ideal Otto cycle with a specified compression ratio is executed using (a) air, (b) argon, and (c) ethane as the working fluid. For which case will the thermal efficiency be the highest? Why?
Ammonia, present at a partial pressure of 12 torr in an air stream saturated with water vapor at 68F and 1 atm, must be removed to the extent of 99.6% by water absorption at the same temperature and...
Consider the stirred-tank heating system shown in Fig. E. It is desired to control temperature T2 by adjusting the heating rate Q1 (Btu/h) via voltage signal V1 to the SCR. It has been suggested that...
Consider a homogeneous right circular cylinder of length L, radius R, and specific gravity SG = 0.5, floating in water (SG = 1) with its axis horizontal. Show that the body is stable if L/R > 2.0....
Repeat the flat-plate momentum analysis of Sec. 7.2 by replacing the parabolic profile, Eq. (7.6), with the more accurate sinusoidal profile: Compute momentum-integral estimates of Cf,...
For the beam and loading shown, (a) Draw the shear and bending-moment diagrams, (b) Determine the location and magnitude of the maximum bending moment. 2.5 kN/m 1.2 me
Bus bars proposed for use in a power transmission station have a rectangular cross section of height H = 600 mm and width W = 200 mm. The electrical resistivity, c
An electrical heater 100 mm long and 5 mm in diameter is inserted into a hole drilled normal to the surface of a large block of material having a thermal conductivity of 5 W/m K. Estimate the...
A uniform slender L-shaped bar ABC is at rest on a horizontal surface when a force P of magnitude 4 N is applied at point A. Neglecting friction between the bar and the surface and knowing that the...
The cable supports the three loads shown. Determine the magnitude of P 1 if P 2 = 300 y B = 8 ft. Also find the sag y D . 14 ft P, 12 t- 20 it 12 ft-
To cool electronic components that are mounted to a printed circuit board and hermetically sealed from their surroundings, two boards may be joined to form an intermediate channel through which the...
A long, thin-walled horizontal tube 100 mm in diameter is maintained at 120C by the passage of steam through its interior. A radiation shield is installed around the tube, providing an air gap of 10...
When measuring small pressure differences with a manometer, often one arm of the manometer is inclined to improve the accuracy of reading. (The pressure difference is still proportional to the...
Using the parallel-axis theorem, determine the product of inertia of the area shown with respect to the centroidal x and y axes. 150 mm 12 mm 50 mm 50 mm 12 ma 12 mm
Consider a concentric tube annulus for which the inner and outer diameters are 25 and 50 mm. Water enters the annular region at 0.04 kg/s and 25C. If the inner tube wall is heated electrically at a...
The gate at the end of a 1-m-wide freshwater channel is fabricated from three 125-kg, rectangular steel plates. The gate is hinged at A and rests against a frictionless support at D. Knowing that...
Determine the moments of inertia Ix and Iy of the area shown with respect to centroidal axes respectively parallel and perpendicular to side AB. 0.75 75 m. 0.75
Forced convection from a sphere in creeping flow, a sphere of diameter D, whose surface is maintained at a temperature T 0 , is located in a fluid stream approaching with a velocity v and...
Solve Example 5.3 with the addition of a heat exchanger at each stage so as to maintain isothermal operation of the absorber at (a) 125F (b) 150oF What is the effect of temperature on absorption in...
A thin flat plate 55 by 110 cm is immersed in a 6-m/s stream of SAE 10 oil at 20C. Compute the total friction drag if the stream is parallel to (a) the long side and (b) the short side.
A block diagram of a closed-loop system is shown in figure.(a) Derive a closed-loop transfer function for disturbance changes, Y(s)/Ds).(b) For the following transfer functions, what values of Kc...
To reduce the home heating requirements, modern building codes in many parts of the country require the use of double-glazed or double-pane windows, i.e., windows with two panes of glass. Some of...
What mass of AgBr dissolves in 200 mL of 0.200 M NaCN? Ag+ + 2CN--Ag(CN), 2 = 1.3 1021
A thin smooth disk of diameter D is immersed parallel to a uniform stream of velocity U. Assuming laminar flow and using flat-plate theory as a guide, develop an approximate formula for the drag of...
Four boxes are placed on a uniform 28-lb wooden plank which rests on two sawhorses. Knowing that the weights of boxes B and D are 9 lb and 90 lb, respectively, determine the range of values of the...
A support rod (k = 15 W/m K, a = 4.0 X 10-6 m2/s) of diameter D = 15 mm and length L = 100 mm spans a channel whose walls are maintained at a temperature of Tb = 300 K. Suddenly, the rod is exposed...
Compressible gas flow in a cylindrical pipe, gaseous nitrogen is in isothermal turbulent flow at 25C through a straight length of horizontal pipe with 3-in. inside diameter at a rate of 0.28lb m /s....
The heat sink of Problem 7.29 is considered for an application in which the power dissipation is only 70 W, and the engineer proposes to use air at T = 20C for cooling. If the base temperature Tb,...
Repeat Example 7.7 for a more compact tube bank in which the longitudinal and transverse pitches are SL = ST = 20.5 mm. All other conditions remain the same.
The escutcheon (a decorative plate placed on a pipe where the pipe exits from a wall) shown is cast from yellow brass. Knowing that the specific weight of yellow brass is 0.306 lb/in 3 determine the...
Consider a container exposed to a saturated vapor, T sat , having a cold bottom surface, Ts < T sat , and with insulated sidewalls. Calculate the thickness of the liquid layer formed in 1 h for a...
The equation of change for vorticity (a) By taking the curl of the Navier-Stokes equation of motion (in either the D/Dt form or the ?/?t form), obtain an equation for the vorticity, w = [? x v] of...
The standard heat of combustion (Hc) of liquid 2.3,3-trimethylpentane [C8H18] is reported in a table of physical properties to be 4850 kJ/mol. A footnote indicates that the reference temperature for...
Consider an opaque, diffuse surface for which the spectral absorptivity and irradiation are as fol1ows: What is the total absorptivity of the surface for the prescribed irradiation? If the surface is...
Write a Windows program that creates a child process that prints a greeting, sleeps for 20 seconds, then exits. The parent process should print a greeting before creating the child, and then...
In addition to the standard inputs discussed in Section 5.1, other input functions occasionally are useful for special purposes. One, the so-called doublet pulse, is shown in figure. (a) Find the...
What is the minimum distribution coefficient that permits removal of 99% of a solute from 50.0 mL of water with (a) Two 25.0-mL extractions with toluene? (b) Five 10.0-mL extractions with toluene?