A lid with negligible weight is suddenly placed on a pan of boiling water and the heating is turned off. After about an hour, thermal equilibrium is reached between the water and the atmosphere, which is at 30oC and 101 kPa. If the inner diameter of the pan is 20 cm, determine
(a) The force necessary to open the lid.
(b) What-if Scenario: What would the force be if the weight of 1 kg lid were to be considered?