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Questions and Answers of
Economics
Each year, public schools are rewarded with bigger budgets for achieving a rating of "excellent" or "recommended" and are punished for rating "needs improvement." These ratings are based on meeting
A convenience store manager earns a base salary plus small bonuses for each of ten different possible monthly milestones he meets. Typical managers can meet half of these milestones. Do they miss the
Multiple Choice Questions1. A computer manufacturer has two divisions: one serving residential customers and one serving business customers. If an incentive conflict arises between the two divisions,
Your local fast food chain with two dozen stores uses the company's internal corporate marketing department to produce signage, print ads, instore displays, and so forth. When placing an order, store
Multiple Choice Questions1. Alpha Industries is considering acquiring Foxtrot Flooring. Foxtrot is worth $20 million to its current owners under its existing operational methods. Due to some
Under a proposed healthcare reform, doctors' fees will be capped at 80% of their current rate, but doctors can order blood tests that will be reimbursed at 90% of the current rate. How does vertical
Stores that sell wedding dresses do not typically permit photos, and do not have tags in the dresses that would identify the manufacturer and style type. What is the purpose of these rules? Suggest
Suppose the herbicide manufacturer mentioned in the chapter can vertically integrate only into home gardening retailing. Would this allow the manufacturer to price discriminate?
Intel made large loyalty payments to HP in exchange for buying most of their chips from Intel instead of rival AMD. AMD sued Intel under the antitrust laws, and Intel settled the case by paying $1.25
Suppose the demand curve for oranges is given by the equationQ = −200 • P + 1,000With quantity (Q) measured in oranges per day and price (P) measured in dollars per orange. The supply curve is
Suppose the enrollment at your university unexpectedly declines. True or False:Apartment owners in the area will face higher vacancy rates and might raise their rents to compensate.
The demand and supply for catnip are given by the following tables:What quantity is sold in equilibrium, and at whatprice?
The following diagram shows the supply and demand for cupcakes (with quantity measured in dozens).a. Suppose the government imposes a new sales tax of $6 per dozen cupcakes. What will the new price
True or False: Suppliers' ability to pass on an excise tax to demanders depends on the strength of demand. If the demand curve is very high, a large percentage of the excise tax will be passed on,
Suppose an excise tax of 10¢ per apple would cause the price of apples to rise from 20¢ apiece to 23¢ apiece. What would be the effect of a sales tax of 10¢ per apple?
In 2010, the absolute price of tea was $12 a pound and the absolute price of a Honda Civic was $16,000. In 2011, the absolute price of tea rose to $15 per pound and the absolute price of a Honda
If somebody tells you that all of the relative prices in the economy have increased over the past year, what can you conclude?
True or False: If Americans can produce both agricultural and industrial products with less effort and fewer raw materials than Mexicans can, then there can be no advantage to the United States in
True or False: If the price of wine rises, peoples' tastes will shift away from wine and toward other things.
Suppose that you like to own both left and right shoes, but that a right shoe is of no use to you unless you own a matching left one, and vice versa. Draw your indifference curves between left and
Draw your indifference curves between nickels and dimes, assuming that you are always willing to trade 2 nickels for 1 dime, or vice versa. What is the marginal value of nickels in terms of dimes?
Huey consumes only two goods, X and Y. His indifference curves have the usual shape. He prefers basket (1, 3) to basket (2, 2).a. Is it possible to tell whether Huey prefers (1, 3) to (3, 1)?b. Is it
Chris buys coffee for $1 per cup and tea for 50¢ per cup; every day she drinks 2 cups of coffee and 1 cup of tea. David buys coffee for 50¢ per cup and tea for $1 per cup; every day he drinks 1 cup
Evelyn buys coffee for $1 per cup and tea for 50¢ per cup; every day she drinks 1 cup of coffee and 2 cups of tea. Frederick buys coffee for 50¢ per cup and tea for $1 per cup; every day he drinks
John buys eggs for $2 a dozen and bacon for $5 a pound. Sarah buys eggs for $5 a dozen and bacon for $2 a pound. Can you determine whether John and Sarah have identical tastes?
In the following diagrams, the black dots represent points where the illustrated lines are tangent to indifference curves.a. In which figure(s) is X a normal good?b. In which figure(s) is X a Giffen
Suppose the only good you ever consume is Nestle's Crunch bars. What is your income elasticity of demand for Nestle's Crunch bars? What is your price elasticity of demand for Nestle's Crunch bars?
Write down a formula for the marginal cost of production when x liters of orange juice are produced. Simplify your formula algebraically.In the following exercises suppose that x liters of orange
Suppose that Pat and Sandy's restaurant has just installed fancy new decor costing $10,000. Suppose also that in a distant solar system, there is a planet identical to earth in every way except that
Suppose that in the short run, capital is fixed and labor is variable. True or False:If the price of capital goes up, the firm's (short-run) average cost, average variable cost, and marginal cost
Suppose that in the short run, capital is fixed and labor is variable. True or False: If the price of labor goes up, the firm's (short-run) average cost, average variable cost, and marginal cost
True or False: A wise entrepreneur will minimize costs for a given output rather than maximize output for a given cost.
True or False: If a firm in a competitive industry discovers a cheaper way to produce output, it might lower its price in order to steal its competitors' customers.
True or False: When price equals marginal cost, profit equals zero.
The demand and supply curves for gasoline are the same in Upper Slobbovia as in Lower Slobbovia. However, in Upper Slobbovia everybody's time is worth just $1 per hour, while in Lower Slobbovia
Robinson Crusoe lives alone on an island, producing nuts and berries and trading with people on other islands. If his production possibility curve is a straight line, what can you conclude about the
For a good supplied by a monopolist, how does a sales tax of $1 per item affect the marginal revenue curve?
True or False: Heavy competition among firms for a limited number of customers leads to such devices as discounts for students and senior citizens.
Suppose that a monopoly firm introduces a policy of resale price maintenance. Under the "special services" theory of resale price maintenance, would the firm's output increase or decrease?
Offer some alternative theories to explain why manufacturers want fair trade. How might you go about testing your theories vis-á-vis the one outlined in the text? Do they have different implications
The firms that sell personal computers have never banded together to form a cartel. True or False: We may infer from this that at least one firm would fail to benefit from a successful cartel.
True or False: When all firms in an industry charge the same price, this is evidence of collusion.
True or False: When the interest rate falls, people want to borrow more and the additional borrowing tends to drive the interest rate back up.
John bought a refrigerator and sold it 3 years later for exactly what he paid for it. True or False: It cost John nothing to have the use of the refrigerator for 3 years.
True or False: The government’s responsibility to bail out failed savings and loan institutions is monumentally expensive. But the longer it delays, the more expensive the bailout will be, since
George F. Will, a humor columnist for the Washington Post, notes that interest payments on the federal debt in a recent year were equal to approximately one half of all personal income tax receipts.
True or False: If nothing is worth dying for, then going to war is irrational.
Suppose that exactly half of all terrorists who take hostages kill their hostages. The government is considering a new policy under which all terrorist kidnappings will be met with massive military
Two fast-food restaurants are located next to each other and offer different procedures for ordering food. The first offers five lines leading to a server, whereas the second has a single line
Suppose A can somehow change the game in problem 5.1 to a new one in which his payoff from Up is reduced by 2, producing the following payoff matrix.a. Find the Nash equilibrium or equilibria.b.
Find the pure-strategy Nash equilibrium or equilibria of the following game with three actions for eachplayer.
How will Mrs. Smith's supply-of-labor curve shift if her inheritance increases to $20 per day? Graph both supply curves to illustrate this shift.
A ready-to-eat cereal manufacturer faces two types of consumers, adults and children, having the following schedule of gross surpluses for each additional unit of cereal consumed.Cereal costs $0.15
Will and Becky are two college students who are planning on Sunday how much they will study on Monday for a test on Tuesday. Will weighs future utility the same as current utility. Becky is more
What is the maximum amount you would pay for an asset that generates an income of $ 250,000 at the end of each of five years if the opportunity cost of using funds is 8 percent?
Suppose that the total benefit and total cost from a continuous activity are, respectively, given by the following equations: B (Q) = 100 + 36Q – 4Q2 and C (Q) = 80 + 12Q. [MB (Q) = 36 – 8Q and
A firm’s current profits are $ 400,000. These profits are expected to grow indefinitely at a constant annual rate of 4 percent. If the firm’s opportunity cost of funds is 6 percent, determine
What is the value of a preferred stock that pays a perpetual dividend of $ 125 at the end of each year when the interest rate is 5 percent?
It is estimated that over 100,000 students will apply to the top 30 M. B. A. programs in the United States this year. a. Using the concept of net present value and opportunity cost, explain when it
Jaynet spends $ 30,000 per year on painting supplies and storage space. She recently received two job offers from a famous marketing firm— one offer was for $ 110,000 per year, and the other was
Suppose the total benefit derived from a continuous decision, Q, is B(Q) = 20Q – 2Q2 and the corresponding total cost is C(Q) = 4 + 2Q2, so that MB(Q) = 20 – 4Q and MC(Q) = 4Q. a. What is total
An owner can lease her building for $ 120,000 per year for three years. The explicit cost of maintaining the building is $ 40,000, and the implicit cost is $ 55,000. All revenues are received, and
You have recently learned that the company where you work is being sold for $ 300,000. The company’s income statement indicates current profits of $ 11,000, which have yet to be paid out as
You are in the market for a new refrigerator for your company’s lounge, and you have narrowed the search down to two models. The energy- efficient model sells for $ 700 and will save you $ 45 at
You are the human resources manager for a famous retailer, and you are trying to convince the president of the company to change the structure of employee compensation. Currently, the company’s
Jamie is considering leaving her current job, which pays $ 75,000 per year, to start a new company that develops applications for smart phones. Based on market research, she can sell about 50,000
Approximately 14 million Americans are addicted to drugs and alcohol. The federal government estimates that these addicts cost the U. S. economy $ 300 billion in medical expenses and lost
As a marketing manager for one of the world’s largest automakers, you are responsible for the advertising campaign for a new energy- efficient sports utility vehicle. Your support team has
Suppose one of your clients is four years away from retirement and has only $ 2,500 in pretax income to devote to either a Roth or traditional IRA. The traditional IRA permits investors to contribute
You are the manager in charge of global operations at Bank Global—a large commercial bank that operates in a number of countries around the world. You must decide whether or not to launch a
Suppose the supply function for product X is given by Qsx = - 30 + 2Px 4Pz.a. How much of product X is produced when Px = $ 600 and Pz = $ 60?b. How much of product X is produced when Px = $ 80 and
The demand for good X is given byResearch shows that the prices of related goods are given by Py = $ 6,500 and Pz = $ 100, while the average income of individuals consuming this product is M = $
The demand curve for product X is given by Qdx = 300 - 2Px.a. Find the inverse demand curve.b. How much consumer surplus do consumers receive when Px = $ 45?c. How much consumer surplus do consumers
Suppose demand and supply are given by Qd = 60 - P and Qs = P - 20.a. What are the equilibrium quantity and price in this market?b. Determine the quantity demanded, the quantity supplied, and the
Suppose demand and supply are given bya. Determine the equilibrium price and quantity. Show the equilibrium graphically.b. Suppose a $ 12 excise tax is imposed on the good. Determine the new
The supply curve for product X is given by Qsx = - 520 + 20Px.a. Find the inverse supply curve.b. How much surplus do producers receive when Qx = 400? When Qx = 1,200?
Consider a market where supply and demand are given by Qsx = - 16 + Px and Qdx = 92 - 2Px. Suppose the government imposes a price floor of $ 40, and agrees to purchase any and all units consumers do
You are the manager of a midsized company that assembles personal computers. You purchase most components—such as random access memory (RAM)—in a competitive market. Based on your marketing
You are the manager of an organization in America that distributes blood to hospitals in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Arecent report indicates that nearly 50 Americans contract HIV
You are an assistant to a senator who chairs an ad hoc committee on reforming taxes on telecommunication services. Based on your research, AT& T has spent over $ 15 million on related paperwork and
From California to New York, legislative bodies across the United States are considering eliminating or reducing the surcharges that banks impose on non-customers who make $ 12 million in withdrawals
Viking Inter Works is one of many manufacturers that supplies memory products to original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) of desktop systems. The CEO recently read an article in a trade publication
The demand curve for a product is given by where Pz = $ 300.a. What is the own price elasticity of demand when Px = $ 140? Is demand elastic or inelastic at this price? What would happen to the
Suppose the demand function for a firm’s product is given byln Qdx = 7 1.5 ln Px + 2 ln Py - 0.5 ln M + ln AWherePx = $ 15,Py = $ 6,M = $ 40,000, andA = $ 350.a. Determine the own price
Suppose the own price elasticity of demand for good X is 3, its income elasticity is 1, its advertising elasticity is 2, and the cross- price elasticity of demand between it and good Y is 4.
You are the manager of a firm that receives revenues of $ 40,000 per year from product X and $ 90,000 per year from product Y. The own price elasticity of demand for product X is 1.5, and the cross-
Aquant jock from your firm used a linear demand specification to estimate the demand for its product and sent you a hard copy of the results. Unfortunately, some entries are missing because the toner
Suppose the true inverse demand relation for good X is Qdx = a + bPx + cM + e, and you estimated the parameters to be â = 22, b^ = -1.8, δâ = 2.5, and δb^ = 0.7. Find the approximate 95 percent
The demand function for good X is Qdx = a + bPx + cM + e, where Px is the price of good X and M is income. Least squares regression reveals that â = 8.27, bˆ = -2.14, cˆ = 0.36, δa = 5.32, δbˆ
You are a division manager at Toyota. If your marketing department estimates that the semiannual demand for the Highlander is Q = 150,000 – 1.5P, what price should you charge in order to maximize
Suppose the Kalamazoo Brewing Company (KBC) currently sells its micro-brews in a seven-state area: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Ohio, and Wisconsin. The company’s
According to CNN, two dairy farmers challenged the legality of the funding of the “ Got Milk?” campaigns. They argued that the “Got Milk?” campaigns do little to support milk from cows that
A consumer has $ 300 to spend on goods X and Y. The market prices of these two goods are Px = $ 15 and Py = $ 5.a. What is the market rate of substitution between goods X and Y?b. Illustrate the
A consumer must divide $ 600 between the consumption of product X and product Y. The relevant market prices are Px = $10 and Py = $40.a. Write the equation for the consumer’s budget line.b.
In the following figure, a consumer is initially in equilibrium at point C. The consumer’s income is $ 400, and the budget line through point C is given by $ 400 $ 100X + $ 200Y. When the
A consumer’s budget set for two goods (X and Y) is ≥ 600 3X + 6Y.a. Illustrate the budget set in a diagram.b. Does the budget set change if the prices of both goods double and the consumer’s
A worker views leisure and income as “goods” and has an opportunity to work at an hourly wage of $ 15 per hour. a. Illustrate the worker’s opportunity set in a given 24- hour period. b. Suppose
The U. S. government spends over $33 billion on its Food Stamp program to pro-vide millions of Americans with the means to purchase food. These stamps are redeemable for food at over 160,000 store
A recent newspaper circular advertised the following special on tires: “Buy three, get the fourth tire for free—limit one free tire per customer.” If a consumer has $ 360 to spend on tires and
Upscale hotels in the United States recently cut their prices by 25 percent in an effort to bolster dwindling occupancy rates among business travelers. A survey performed by a major research
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