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chemistry
organic chemistry
Questions and Answers of
Organic Chemistry
Give a molecular orbital description for each of the following: a. 1,3-pentadiene b. 1,4-pentadiene c. 1,3,5-heptatriene d. 1,3,5,8-nonatetraene
Professor Perry C. Click found that heating any one of the following isomers resulted in scrambling of the deuterium to all three positions on the five-membered ring. Propose a mechanism to account
How could the following transformation be carried out, using only heat or light?
Propose a mechanism for the following reaction:
For conjugated systems with two, three, four, five, six, and seven conjugated π bonds, construct quick molecular orbitals (just draw the p orbitals at the ends of the conjugated system as they are
a. Under thermal conditions, will ring closure of (2E,4Z,6Z,8E)-decatetraene be conrotatory or disrotatory? b. Will the product have the cis or the trans configuration? c. Under photochemical
Explain why maleic anhydride reacts rapidly with 1,3-butadiene but does not react at all with ethene under thermal conditions.
Show a mechanism for the formation of a benzodiazepine 4-oxide from the reaction of a quinazoline 3-oxide with methylamine.
Show how could be synthesized from benzoyl chloride, para-chloroaniline, methyl iodide, and the ethyl ester of glycine.
Show how Tagamet® could be synthesized from the indicated starting materials.
Based on the lead compound for the development of procaine and lidocaine, propose structures for other compounds that you would like to see tested for use as anesthetics.
Which of the following compounds is more likely to exhibit activity as a tranquilizer?
Which compound is more likely to be a general anesthetic? CH3CH2CH2OH or CH3OCH2CH3
For each of the following pairs of compounds, indicate the compound that you would expect to be a more potent inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase:a.b.
The lethal dose of tetrahydrocannabinol in mice is and the therapeutic dose is the lethal dose of sodium pentothal in mice is 100 mg/kg, and the therapeutic dose is 30 mg/kg. Which is the safer drug?
The following compound is a suicide inhibitor of the enzyme that catalyzes amino acid racemization:Propose a mechanism that explains how this compound irreversibly inactivates the enzyme.
Explain how each of the antiviral drugs shown in Section 30.12 differs from the naturally occurring nucleoside that it most closely resembles.
Complete Table 1 by naming each of the esters formed during the reactions.
Explain the difference between entering into a short forward contract with the forward price $50.00 and selling a call option with a strike price of $50.00.
You buy a European put option on Up & Down, Inc., stock with maturity T = 6 months, and strike price K = $54:00. You pay $1.00 for the option. a. Suppose that at maturity the stock's market price is
At time zero you enter a short position in futures contracts on 20 shares of the stock XYZ at the futures price of $50.00. Moreover, you sell (write) 5 "exotic" options of the following type: they
How "risk-free" are bonds as financial instruments?
Why are stocks usually more risky than bonds?
The introduction to this experiment shows the general equation for an etherification reaction. Use the equation as a guide to write down balanced equations representing each of the esterification
Using the description of the odours of each ester you have prepared in this experiment, choose two industries in which you think esters are used commercially. Give reasons for your answers.
If possible, try and obtain the containers of some food and cosmetic products. Read the lists of ingredients and identify any esters which appear on the labels.
Do all ethyl esters have the same smell? Do all formates have the same smell? Design, carry out and report on a piece of research to answer these questions.
Being a sophisticated trader, you are not afraid to engage in selling shares short. You sell short 100 shares of Internet Bust Company, at the market price of $20.00 per share. What is your profit or
What do you observe immediately and after 5 minutes? Prepare a table like the one below.
You are facing two business opportunities with the following cash flows: a. Investing $10,000 today, receiving $5,000 after three months, $4,500 after six months, and another $4,500 nine months from
Consider the framework of the previous problem. Before you take a loan you compare two banks: Bank A offers a 15-year mortgage loan of $50,000 at the nominal rate of 8.5%, with monthly compounding ,
Suppose that if you invest in a money market account you can get the annual return of 10% during the next five years. Your trustworthy friend Conman suggest that, instead, you should enter into a
Using the simple rate convention, find the yield of a 2-year bond traded at par, with face value $100, paying coupons of $3.00 every six months.
In the previous problem what should the price P of the one-year pure discount bond be in order to prevent arbitrage opportunities? Explain how to construct arbitrage if the price is instead equal to
Name the class to which each of the compounds used in this experiment belongs (eg. alcohol, alkane, ester, etc.)
In the context of the previous problem you want to lock in the forward rate for the period between the year one and year three. How can you do that by trading in the one-year and the three-year bond?
Use the results in Table 2 and your answer to question 1 to explain how the 2,4-DNP test helps to distinguish aldehydes and ketones from other -C-O- and -C=O containing compounds.
The reaction which occurs when an aldehyde is added to Tollens reagent is: RCHO(ℓ) + 2[Ag(NH3)2]OH(aq) ( RCOONH4(aq) + 2Ag(s) + 3NH3(aq) + H2O(ℓ) i. What type of reaction is this? ii. Explain
What do you observe in each well? Prepare a table like the one below.
Examine the structures of formaldehyde and propanone below.i. When formaldehyde reacts with Tollen's reagent, what is it converted to? Write equations to illustrate your answer. ii. Explain why
A bank quotes the nominal annual rate of 6%, and it compounds interest every two months. What is the value of one dollar deposited in this bank after a year?
An investment opportunity guarantees total interest of 20% over a period of three years. What is the effective annual rate corresponding to annual compounding?
What do you observe after 2-3 and after 5-10 minutes? Prepare a table like the one below.
What do you see in step 7 of the procedure?
Formaldehyde gives a negative result in the iodoform test. Do you think that the iodoform test could be used to distinguish methyl ketones from all aldehydes? Explain your answer with reference to
The equation for the initial reaction between an alcohol (primary or secondary) and iodine solution in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide is: RCH(OH)R'() + I2(aq) + 2NaOH(aq) RCOR'(aq) +
The reaction of a methyl ketone with iodine solution in the presence of aqueous sodium hydroxide is shown in the equation below: RCOCH3() + 3l2(aq) + 4NaOH(aq) RCOONa(aq) + CHl3(s) +
Refer back to Table 1. Write down the reactions taking place for those ketones and alcohols which gave a positive iodoform test.
Prepare a table like the one below and record your observations.
A student is given two alcohols with which to perform Lucas' Test. These are cyclohexanol and 2-methyl-2-propanol. The bottles containing each alcohol are labelled, but the propettes used are not.
How does the Chromic Anhydride Test distinguish primary and secondary alcohols from tertiary alcohols?
Write down an equation for the reaction of secondary butyl alcohol with Chromic Anhydride Reagent.
Write down an equation for the reaction of n-butyl alcohol with Chromic Anhydride Reagent. (The reagent = CrO3 + H2SO4)
During the mixing of a primary or secondary alcohol with Chromic Anhydride Reagent, the following change occurs (equation unbalanced): CrO3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) Cr2(SO4)3(s) i. What kind of
Draw the chart below and complete it by filling in the missing words related to the experiments carried out in this worksheet.
How can one distinguish between an alcohol and an ether using the sodium test?
Write down the equation for the reaction of ethanol with sodium.
Write down the reaction of water with sodium metal.
The reaction of anhydrous magnesium sulphate with water is as follows: MgSO4(s) + 7H2O(l) → MgSO4.7H2O(s) i. What is the function of the anhydrous magnesium sulphate in the sodium test? ii. Why is
Prepare a table like the one below and record your results.
Use your answer to question 1 and the results in Table 2 to explain how mixing an alcohol of unknown structure with Lucas' Reagent can help one to determine whether it is primary, secondary or
Write down an equation for the reaction of tertiary butyl alcohol with concentrated hydrochloric acid.
What do you notice in each well immediately after adding the potassium permanganate solution?
How can a dilute potassium permanganate solution help the chemist to distinguish between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds?
The figure below shows a scheme for testing hydrocarbon compounds to determine whether they are saturated or unsaturated. Draw the scheme and complete it by filling in the missing words related to
If you have been able to leave the bromine-cyclohexane and bromine-cyclohexene mixtures from Part 1 in the comboplate® until the end of the lesson, answer the questions which follow:i. What do
What do you notice when the bromine solution is stirred with each compound?
Prepare a table like Table 1 below. Record your observations for wells A1 and A2.
Write down the structure of cyclohexane. Is the compound saturated or unsaturated? Explain your answer.
Write down the structure of cyclohexene. Explain whether the compound is saturated or unsaturated.
Based on your answers to questions 4 and 5 above and on the results of the bromine test in your table, describe how mixing a bromine solution with a hydrocarbon compound of unknown structure can help
Write down a balanced equation for the reaction of bromine with cyclohexene. Is the product of the reaction saturated or unsaturated? Explain your answer by describing what type of reaction is
Explain why the brown colour of bromine disappears when it is mixed with cyclohexene.
The bromine addition test does not distinguish between a double or triple bond. The bromine always adds across the multiple bond to form a trans addition product/s. Write down the equation/s for the
Why is it important that the thermometer and fusion tube do not touch the bottom of the glass vial.
Why do bubbles emerge from the capillary tube? Explain why the boiling point is recorded when they stop.
Why is it necessary to record the atmospheric pressure ?
Explain the difference in boiling points between 1-butanol and ethanol in terms of the intermolecular forces.
Predict the boiling point of 1-propanol, giving an explanation of your prediction.
Predict the boiling point of 2-methyl-2-propanol, giving an explanation of your prediction.
Explain why the amount of sample in the capillary tube should be kept as small as possible for a melting point determination.
Acetylene gas is highly flammable and gives a very high temperature flame when burned with oxygen. Carbon dioxide and water are produced. i. Write down a chemical equation to show the reaction of
Continue the previous problem by finding the dynamics ofsin(X). X4 · Y, sin(X) · Y
Show that the process M(t) := W2(t) − t is a martingale, that is, that E[M(t)M(s)] = M(s) for s ≤ t.
In the Merton-Black-Scholes model, find Var [S2(t)].
In the single-period model show that equation (3.3) holds.
Suppose that in a single-period model the stock value at time 1 is not random, but known already at the beginning of the period. Suppose also that the interest rate r is fixed. Find the conditions on
Argue that the single-period Arrow-Debreu market is complete if all Arrow-Debreu securities are traded.
Consider a single-period CRR model with interest rate 0.05, S(0) = 10, u = 1.2 and d = 0.98. Suppose you have written an option that pays the value of the square root of the absolute value of the
Show that equation (3.7) holds in the multiperiod model, or at least for the case of two assets and two periods.
Give an example of a Cox-Ross-Rubinstein model with expected relative stock return equal to 0.1, E[S(t) = S(t − 1)] = 0.1, and variance equal to 0.2,Var[S(t) = S(t − 1)] = 0.2. That is, choose
While the gas was bubbling into the solution in F2, the following change took place: KMnO4(aq) → MnO2(s) Purple Orange/brown i. Explain what type of reaction this is. ii. Use the partial equation
Write out the line drawings for salicylic acid, acetic anhydride and aspirin.
Write out a balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
Explain the use of H2SO4 in the experiment
Acetic anhydride is added in excess. This excess, however, can react with the carboxylic acid group in aspirin. Which step in the procedure guards against this? Explain.
If 1 microspatula of salicylic acid has a mass of approximately 0.2 g, calculate the mass of aspirin that should be formed.
Assuming you obtained 1 g of aspirin, calculate the percentage yield formed.
One way to prepare esters is by the reaction of an alcohol with an acid anhydride (as in this experiment). However, they also may be prepared by the reaction between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid
Why are the crystals dried?
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