When glucose (Problem) is treated with NaBH4, reaction occurs to yield sorbitol, a polyalcohol commonly used as a food additive. Show how this reductionoccurs. CH- NABHA -2 Sorbitol Glucose

Recent communication with the inhabitants of Neptune have revealed that they have a Celsius-type temperature scale, but based on the melting point (OoN)and boiling point (I OOoN)of their most common...

Simple sugars undergo reaction with phenyl hydrazine, PhNHNH2, to yield crystalline derivatives called osazones. The reaction is a hit complex however, as shown by the fact that glucose and fructose...

When 2-methyl-2-propanol is treated with sulfuric acid, 2-methylpropene is formed. Show all of the steps in the mechanism for this reaction. Don't forget to use curved arrows to show the movement of...

50.0 dm3 of dry air was slowly bubbled through a thermally insulated beaker containing 250 g of water initially at 25C. Calculate the final temperature. (The vapour pressure of water is approximately...

The following electrostatic potential diagrams represent H2, HCl, or NaCl. Label each, and explain your choices. (a) (b)

Assign structures to compounds with the following 1H NMR spectra:? (a) C 4 H 7 ClO? ??IR: 1810 cm ?1 ? (b) C 5 H 7 NO 2 ? ?IR: 2250, 1735 cm ?1 ? (c) C 5 H 10 O 2 ? ? ?IR: 1735 cm ?1 ? TMS O ppm 10...

3-Chlorocyclopropene, on treatment with AgBF 4 , gives a precipitate of AgCl and a stable solution of a product that shows a single 1 H NMR absorption at 11.04 ?. What is a likely structure for the...

MnO has either the NaCl type structure or the CsCl type structure. The edge length of the MnO unit cell is 4.47 108 cm, and the density of MnO is 5.28 g/cm3. a. Does MnO crystallize in the NaCl type...

The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of compound A, C8H9Br are shown. Propose a structure for A, and assign peaks in the spectra to your structure. TMS O ppm 10 8. 6. Chemical shift (8) TMS 200 180 160 140 120...

A scientist proposed the following equation of state: p = RT/Vm - B/v2m + Cv3m Show that the equation leads to critical behaviour. Find the critical constants of the gas in terms of Band C and an...

Propose structures for the three compounds whose 1H NMR spectra are shown. (a) C 5 H 10 O (b) C 7 H 7 Br (c) C 8 H 9 Br TMS O ppm 10 Chemical shift (8) TMS O ppm 10 9. 8. 3 2 Chemical shift (8) TMS O...

Two molecules used in the polymer industry are azodicarbonamide and methyl cyanoacrylate. Their structures are Azodicarbonamide is used in forming polystyrene. When added to the molten plastic, it...

Give the IUPAC name for each of the following compounds: (a) CH3 (CH2)25CH3 (b) (CH3)2CHCH2 (CH2)14CH3 (c) (CH3CH2)3CCH (CH2CH3)2

Predict the product, if any, of reaction between propanoyl chloride and the following reagents: (a) Li (Ph) 2 Cu in ether (b) LiA1H 4 , then H 3 O + (c) CH 3 MgBr, then H 3 O + (d) H 3 O + (e)...

Consider the flasks in the following diagrams. a. Which is greater, the initial pressure of helium or initial pressure of neon? How much greater? b. Assuming the connecting tube has negligible...

Predict the products of the reaction of (i) phenyl acetaldehyde and (ii) acetophenone with the following reagents: (a) NaBH4 then H3O+ (b) Tollens reagent (c) NH2OH, HC1 catalyst (d) CH3MgBr, then...

The following electrostatic potential diagrams represent CH4, NH3, or H2O. Label each, and explain your choices. a. C. b.

The following table gives the mole fraction of methylbenzene (A) in liquid and gaseous mixtures with butanone at equilibrium at 303.15 K and the total pressure p. Take the vapour to be perfect and...

Write equations showing the ions present after the following strong electrolytes are dissolved in water. a. HNO3 b. Na2SO4 c. Al(NO3)3 d. SrBr2 e. KClO4 f. NH4Br g. NH4NO3 h. CuSO4 i. NaOH

Draw tetrahedral representations of the following molecules: (a) The 2S, 3R enantiomer of 2, 3-dibromopentarie (b) The meso form of 3,5-heptanediol H. 4-Methyl-2-pentanone 3-Methylpentanal

Consider the following potential energy plots a. Rank the reactions from fastest to slowest, and explain your answer. If any reactions have equal rates, explain why. b. Label the reactions as...

The standard enthalpy of formation of the metallocene bis (benzene) chromium was measured in a calorimeter. It was found for the reaction Cr (C6H6)2(s) Cr(s) + 2 C6H6 (g) that Uo (583 K) = +8.0 kJ...

Cycloheptatrienone is stable, but cyclopentadienone is so reactive that it can?t be isolated. Explain, taking the polarity of the carbonyl group into account. Cycloheptatrienone Cyclopentadienone

A Carnot cycle uses 1.00 mol of a monatomic perfect gas as the working substance from an initial state of 10.0 atm and 600 K. It expands isothermally to a pressure of 1.00 atm (Step 1), and then...

Name the following carboxylic acid derivatives, giving both a common name and an IUPAC name where possible. (a) PhCOOCH2CH(CH3)2 (b) PhOCHO (c) PhCH(CH3) COOCH3 (d) PhNHCOCH2CH(CH3)2 (e) CH3CONHCH2Ph...

Propose structures for the two compounds whose 1 H NMR spectra are shown. (a) C 4 H 9 Br (b) C 4 C 8 Cl 2 TMS O ppm 10 6. Chemical shift (8) 5 3 TMS O ppm 10 8. 6. Chemical shift (8) Intensity...

A piece of zinc of mass 5.0 g is dropped into a beaker of dilute hydrochloric acid. Calculate the work done by the system as a result of the reaction. The atmospheric pressure is 1.1 atm and the...

Propose structures for hydrocarbons that give the following products on oxidative cleavage by KMnO4 orO3: (b) .Co2 (a) O2 + CH(CH2)5C02H CC2H + e) O2CICH2)8CO2H (d) CH + 2H2cO2H + co2 (e) CO2...

Ethanol (C2H5OH) melts a - 144 oC and boils at 78 C. The enthalpy of fusion of ethanol is 5.02 kj/mol, and its enthalpy of vaporization is 38.56 kj/mol. The specific heats of solid and liquid ethanol...

Which method?Grignard carboxylation or nitrile hydrolysis?would you use for each of the following reactions? Explain. " - C CH2Br (a) " CH Br (b) CH3CH2CHCO2H CCH2CHCH3 (c) CHH-H2H2, CHH-H-CH21...

Silane (SiH 4 ) is the silicon analogue of methane (CH 4 ). It is prepared industrially according to the following equations: Si(s) + 3HCl(g) HSiCl 3 (l) + H 2 (g) 4HSiCl 3 (l) SiH 4 (g) + 3SiCl 4...

A sample of nitrogen of mass 3.12g at 23.0C is allowed to expand reversibly and adiabatically from 400 cm3 to 2.00 dm3, what is the work done by the gas?

Ammonia reacts with acetyl chloride (CH3COCI) to give acetamide (CH3CONH2). Identify the bonds broken and formed in each step of the reaction, and draw curved arrows to represent the flow of...

Acetic acid is responsible for the sour taste of vinegar. It can be manufactured using the following reaction: Use tabulated values of bond energies (Table 13.6) to estimate DH for this reaction....

The mass density of water vapour at 327.6 atm and 776.4 K is 133.2 kg m-3. Given that for water Tc = 647.4 K, Pc = 218.3 atm, a = 5.464 dm6 atm mol-2, b= 0.03049 dm3 mol-1, and M= 18.02 g mol-1,...

Potassium methoxide, KOCH3, contains both covalent and ionic bonds. Which do you think is which?

How might you prepare Pentylamine from the following starting materials? (a) Pentanamide (b) Pentanenitrile (c) 1-Butene (d) Hexanamide (e) 1 -Butanol (f) 5-Decene (g) Pentanoic acid

Propose a synthesis of the anti-inflammatory drug Fenclorac fromphenyl-cyclohexane. CI Fenclorac CHCO2H

Experimental data for the reaction A 2B + C have been plotted in the following three different ways (with concentration units in mol/ L): a. What is the order of the reaction with respect to A, and...

A sample consisting of 1 mol of perfect gas atoms (for which CVm = 3/2 R) is taken through the cycle shown in Fig. 2.34. (a) Determine the temperature at the points 1, 2, and 3. (b) Calculate q, w,...

Reaction of acetone with D 3 O + yields hexadeuterioacetone. That is, all the hydrogen?s in acetone are exchanged for deuterium. Review the mechanism of mercuric ion?catalyzed alkyne hydration, arid...

Propose structures for compounds with the following 1H NMR spectra: (a) C 5 H 9 ClO 2 ? ?IR: 1735 cm ?1 ? (b) C 7 H 12 O 4 ? ? ?IR: 1735 cm ?1 ? (c) C 11 H 12 O 2 ? ??IR: 1710 cm ?1 ? TMS 8. 6. O ppm...

Draw a Lewis structure for each compound. Include all nonbonding pairs of electrons. (a) CH3COCH2CHCHCOOH (b) NCCH2COCH2CHO (c) CH2CHCH(OH)CH2CO2H (d) CH2CHC(CH3)CHCOOCH3

The data below apply to the formation of urea from ammonium cyanate, NH4CNO --7 NH2CONH2. Initially 22.9 g of ammonium cyanate was dissolved in enough water to prepare 1.00 dm3 of solution. Determine...

Suggest a possible structure for a compound with the formula C5H12O that has the following IR spectrum and explain yourreasoning: 80 60 40 20 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 Wavenumber (cm)

Benzyl chloride can be converted into benzaldehyde by treatment with nitro methane and base. The reaction involves initial conversion of nitro methane into its anion, followed by SN2 reaction of the...

A sample of 1.00 mol perfect gas molecules with Cp,m = 7/2 R is put through the following cycle: (a) Constant-volume heating to twice its initial volume, (b) Reversible, adiabatic expansion back to...

How would you carry out the following conversions? More than one step may be needed is some instances. CI RCH RCHCH3 RCH2CH3 RCH2CH2OH R-C=CH R-C C-CH3 RCH=CH2 R-C- RCCH3

Acid-catalyzed dehydration of 2, 2-dimethylcyclohexanol yields a mixture of 1, 2-dimethylcyclohexene and isopropylidenecyclopentane. Propose a mechanism to account for the formation of bothproducts....

Compound A has the formula C8H8. It reacts rapidly with KMnO4 to give CO2 and a carboxylic acid, B (C7H6O2), but reacts with only 1 molar equivalent of H2 on catalytic hydrogenation over a palladium...

a) How many alkenes yield 2, 2, 3, 4, 4-pentamethylpentane on catalytic hydrogenation? (b) How many yield 2, 3-dimethylbutane? (c) How many yield methylcyclobutane?

Consider all the isomers of C7H7Cl containing a benzene ring and write the structure of the one that has the weakest carbonchlorine bond as measured by its bond dissociation energy.

Plot the following data, and from the graph determine ÎHvap for magnesium and lithium. In which metal is the bonding stronger? Vapor Pressure mm Hg) Temperature C) Mg Li 10 100 400 760 750 890...

Nitration of 1, 4-dimethylbenzene (p-xylene) gives a single product having the molecular formula C8H9NO2 in high yield. What is this product?

(a) Calculate the electronic partition function of a tellurium atom at (i) 298 K, (ii) 5000 K by direct summation using the following data: (b) What proportion of the Te atoms are in the ground term...

Match the vapor pressure diagrams with the solutesolvent combinations and explain your answers. Vapor pressure of solution Vapor pressure of solution Vapor pressure of solutios and and and b.

Nitric acid hydrates have received much attention as possible catalysts for heterogeneous reactions that bring about the Antarctic ozone hole. Worsnop et al. investigated the thermodynamic stability...

Name each of the following compounds according to substitutive IUPAC nomenclature: (a) (CH3)2CHCH2CH2CH2Br (b) (CH3)2CHCH2CH2CH2OH (c) Cl3CCH2Br (d) Cl2CHCHB (e) CF3CH2OH

Equal moles of sulfur dioxide gas and oxygen gas are mixed in a flexible reaction vessel and then sparked to initiate the formation of gaseous sulfur trioxide. Assuming that the reaction goes to...

At tempted Grignard reaction of Cyclohexanone with tert-butyl magnesium bromide gives only about 1% yield of the expected addition product along with 99% un-reacted Cyclohexanone. If D 3 O + is added...

D-Glucose reacts with acetone in the presence of acid to yield the non-reducing 1, 2: 5, 6-diisopropylidenc-D-glucofuranose. Propose amechanism. C2 Acetone HCI HO - 1,2:5,6-Diisopropylidene-...

Since their discovery in 1985, fullerenes have received the attention of many chemical researchers. Kolesov et al. reported the standard enthalpy of combustion and of formation of crystalline C60...

CH3CH2SH + CH3O- A (contains sulfur) + B C + H2O D + E (which is inorganic) (a) Given the above sequence of reactions, draw structures for A through E. (b) Rewrite the reaction sequence, showing all...

The standard free energies of formation and the standard enthalpies of formation at 298 K for difluoroacetylene (C2F2) and hexafluorobenzene (C6F6) are For the following reaction: C6F6(g) 3C2F2(g) a....

You have an equimolar mixture of the gases SO 2 and O 2 , along with some He, in a container fitted with a piston. The density of this mixture at STP is 1.924 g/ L. Assume ideal behavior and constant...

Dansyl chloride, which absorbs maximally at 330 nm and fluoresces maximally at 510 nm, can be used to label amino acids in fluorescence microscopy and FRET studies. Tabulated below is the variation...

A sample of 5.0 mol CO2 is originally confined in 15 dm ' at 280 K and then undergoes adiabatic expansion against a constant pressure of 78.5 kPa until the volume has increased by a factor of 4.0....

A gaseous material XY(g) dissociates to some extent to produce X(g) and Y(g): XY(g) X(g) + Y(g) A 2.00- g sample of XY (molar mass = 165 g/ mol) is placed in a container with a movable piston at...

The unit cell of MgO is shown below. Does MgO have a structure like that of NaCl or ZnS? If the density of MgO is 3.58 g/cm3, estimate the radius (in centimeters) of the O2- anions and the Mg2+...

Electrophilic substitution on 3-phenylpropanenitrile occurs at the ortho and Para positions, but reaction with 3-phenylpropenenitrile occurs at the meta position. Explain using resonance structures...

Consider two 2p orbitals, one on each of two different atoms, oriented side-to-side, as in Figure Pl.46. Imagine bringing these nuclei together so that overlap occurs as shown in the figure. This...

Vitamin B6 is an organic compound whose deficiency in the human body can cause apathy, irritability, and an in-creased susceptibility to infections. Below is an incomplete Lewis structure, for...

Identify all of the functional groups in Crixivan, an important drug in the treatment of AIDS. Crixivan (an HIV protease inhibitor) CeHs OH H HO NH

Rhenium oxide crystallizes with a structure that has a primitive cubic lattice, as shown here. In the image on the left, the sizes of the ions have been reduced to show the entire unit cell. (a) How...

Calculate the energy required to heat 1.00 kg of ethane gas (C2H6) from 25.0oC to 75.0oC first under conditions of constant volume and then at a constant pressure of 2.00 atm. Calculate ÎE,...

Write the organic products of each of the following reactions. If two stereoisomers are formed, show both. Label all stereogenic centers R or S as appropriate. (a) 1-Butene and hydrogen iodide (b)...

Carbocations, ions that contain a trivalent, positively charged carbon atom, react with water to give alcohols. How can you account for the fact that the following carbocation gives a mixture of two...

Another Diphenhydramine synthesis is shown in the following equation: (a) Show a mechanism for the first step in this synthesis. (b) Explain which mechanism is occurring in the secondstep. OCH CH...

Four different cycloalkenes will all yield methylcyclopentane when subjected to catalytic hydrogenation. What are their structures? Show the reactions.

I-Butanol and chlorobenzene form a minimum-boiling azeotropic system. The mole fraction of I-butanol in the liquid (x) and vapour (y) phases at 1.000 atm is given below for a variety of boiling...

(a) Indicate the hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts of vitamin A and comment on whether you would expect it to be soluble in water. (b) Do the same for vitamin B3 (also called niacin). OH Vitamin A OH...

The addition of water to ethylene to yield ethanol has the following thermodynamic parameters: (a) Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? (b) Is the reaction favorable (spontaneous) or...

We saw that acid-catalyzed dehydration of 2, 2-dimethylcyclohexanol afforded 1, 2-dimethylcyclohexene. To explain this product we must write a mechanism for the reaction in which a methyl shift...

Consider a childrens cartoon illustrating a child holding the strings of several helium balloons and being lifted into the sky. a. Estimate the minimum number of 10-L balloons it would take to lift a...

Predict the ideal solubility of lead in bismuth at 280C given that its melting point is 327C and its enthalpy of fusion is 5.2 k] mol-1.

A block of copper of mass 2.00 kg (Cp, m = 24.44 T K-I mol-1) and temperature OC is introduced into an insulated container in which there is 1.00 mol H20 (g) at 100C and 1.00 atm. (a) Assuming all...

Deduce the structure of the compound (C5H10O3) that gives the following 1H, 13C, and IR spectra (Figs. 9.60-9.62), Assign all aspects of the 1H and 13C spectra to the structure you propose. Use...

Plot the vapour pressure data for a mixture of benzene (B) and acetic acid (A) given below and plot the vapour pressure/composition curve for the mixture at 50e. Then confirm that Raoult's and...

Diamond, an allotrope of carbon, is the hardest substance and the best conductor of heat yet characterized. For these reasons, diamond is used widely in industrial applications that require a strong...

Calculate the volume occupied by 1.00 mol N2 using the van der Waals equation in the form of a virial expansion at (a) Its critical temperature, (b) Its Boyle temperature, and (c) Its inversion...

Assign structures to the following molecules on the basis of the indicated 'H NMR spectra A-E Consider stereochemistry, where applicable (a) C4H7C1, NMR spectrum A; (b) C5H8O2, NMR spectrum B; (c)...

5-Chloro-1,3-cyclopentadiene (below) undergoes SN1 solvolysis in the presence of silver ion extremely slowly even though the chlorine is doubly allylic and allylic halides normally ionize readily...

A solid surface with dimensions 3.5 mm x 4.0 cm is exposed to helium gas at III Pa and 1500 K. How many collisions do the He atoms make with this surface in 10 s?

When m-chlorotoluene is treated with sodium amide in liquid ammonia, the products of the reaction are o-, m-, and p-toluidine (i.e., o-CH3C6H4NH2, m-CH3C6H4NH2, and p-CH3C6H4NH2). Propose plausible...

The titration of Na2CO3 with HCl has the following qualitative profile: pH Vi mL HCI

Suppose that 2.5 mmol Ar (g) occupies 72 dm3 at 298 K and expands to 100 dm3, Calculate G for the process.

Arrange the following from lowest to highest ionization energy: O, O2, O2-, O2+. Explain your answer.

Which of the following equations best represents the reaction shown in the diagram? (a) 8A + 4B C + D (b) 4A + 8B 4C + 4D (c) 2A + B C + D (d) 4A + 2B 4C + 4D (e) 2A + 4B C + D A B D

Photochemical chlorination of pentane gave a mixture of three isomeric monochlorides. The principal monochloride constituted 46% of the total, and the remaining 54% was approximately a 1:1 mixture of...