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chemistry
organic chemistry

Questions and Answers of Organic Chemistry

Consider the compounds butanoic acid, pentanal, M-hexane, and 1-pentanol. The boiling points of these compounds (in no specific order) are 69°C, I03°C, 137°C, and 164°C. March the boiling points
Consider the following five compounds.a. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3b.c. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 d. e. The boiling points of these five compounds are 9.5°C, 36°C, 69°C, 76°C, and 117°C. Which
Consider the following polymer:Is this polymer a homopolymer or a copolymer, and is it formed by addition polymerization or condensation po-lymerization? What is (are) the monomer(s) for this polymer?
For the following formulas, what types of isomerism could he exhibited? For each formula, give an example that illustrates the specific type of isomerism. The types of isomerism are structural,
What is wrong with the following names? Give the correct name for each compound. a. 2-erhylpropane b. 5-iodo-5,6-dimethylhexane c. cis-4-methyl-3-pentene d. 2-bromo-3-butanol
a. Use bond energies to estimate ∆H for the reaction of two molecules of glycine to form a peptide linkage. b. Would you predict ∆S to favor the formation of peptide linkages between rwo
The reaction to form a phosphate-ester linkage between two nucleotides can be approximated as follows:Would you predict the formation of a dinucleotide from two nucleotides to be a spontaneous
Considering your answers to Exercises 142 and 143, how can you justify the existence of proteins and nucleic acids in light of the second law of thermodynamics?
The structure of tartaric acid isa. Is the form of tartaric acid pictured below optically active? Explain. b. Draw rhe optically active forms of tartaric acid.
In glycine, the carboxylic acid group has Ka = 4.3 X 10-3 and the amino group has Kb = 6.0 X 10-5. Use these equilibrium constant values to calculate the equilibrium constants for the
The isoelectric point of an amino acid is the pH at which the molecule has no net charge. For glycine, that would be the pH at which virtually all glycine molecules are in the form +H3NCH2CO2-. If we
Nylon is named according to the number of C atoms between the N atoms in the chain. Nylon-46 has 4 C atoms then 6 C atoms, and this pattern repeats. Nylon-6 always has 6 atoms in a row. Speculate as
A chemical €œbrearhalyzer€ test works because ethyl alco¬hol in the breath is oxidized by the dichromate ion (orange) to form acetic acid and chromium(III) ion (green). The
Alcohols are very useful starting materials for the pro-duction of many different compounds. The following conversions, starting with 1-butanol, can be carried out in two or more steps. Show the
Consider a sample of a hydrocarbon at 0.959 atm and 298 K. Upon combusting the entire sample in oxygen, you collect a mixture of gaseous carbon dioxide and water vapor at 1.51 atm and 375 K. This
Using one of the Lewis structures for benzene (C6H6), estimate ∆Hf° for C6H6(g) using bond energies and given that the standard enthalpy of formation of C(g) is 717 kj/mol. The experimental
Consider the following reactions. For parts b-d, reference Exercise 58. a. When C5H12 is reacted with Cl2(g) in the presence of ultraviolet light, four different monochlorination products form. What
ABS plastic is a tough, hard plastic used in applications requiring shock resistance. The polymer consists of three monomer units: acrylonitrile (C3H3N), butadiene (C4H6, and styrene (C8H8). a. Draw
Consider the titration of 50.0 mL of 1.0 M glycine hy-drochloride [(H3NCH2COOH)CI], with 1.0 M NaOH. For +H3NCH2COOH, Ka for the carboxylic acid group is 4.3 X 10-3 and Kb, for the amino group is 6.0
In 1994 chemists at Texas A&M University reported the synthesis of a non-naturally occurring amino acid:a. To which naturally occurring amino acid is this compound most similar? b. A tetrapeptide,
Consider the autoionization of liquid ammonia:Label each of the species in the equation as an acid or a base and explain your answer.
The following are representations of acid€“ base reactions:a. Label each of the species in both equations as an acid or a base and explain. b. For those species that are acids, which labels
Consider the following statements. Write out an example reaction and K expression that are associated with each statement. a. The autoionization of water. b. An acid reacts with water to produce the
For each of the following aqueous reactions, identify the acid, the base, the conjugate base, and the conjugate acid. a. H2O + H2CO3 ⇌ H3O+ + HCO3- b. C5H5NH+ + H2O ⇌ C5H5N + H3O+ c. HCO3- +
Write balanced equations that describe the following reactions. a. The dissociation of perchloric acid in water. b. The dissociation of propanoic acid (CH3CH2CO2H) in water. c. The dissociation of
Write the dissociation reaction and the corresponding Ka equilibrium expression for each of the following acids in water. a. HC2H3O2 b. Co(H2O)63+ c. CH3NH3+
Classify each of the following as a strong acid or a weak acid.
Consider the following illustrations:
Write the reaction and the corresponding Kb equilibrium expression for each of the following substances (acting as bases in water). a. NH3 b. CN2 c. Pyridine, C5H5N d. Aniline, C6H5NH2
Use Table to order the following from the strongest to the weakest acid. HClO2, H2O, NH4+, HClO4Table
Use Table to order the following from the strongest to the weakest base. ClO2-, H2O, NH3, ClO4-Table
You may need Table to answer the following questions.a. Which is the stronger acid, HCl or H2O?b. Which is the stronger acid, H2O or HNO2?c. Which is the stronger acid, HCN or HOC6H5?Table
You may need Table to answer the following questions.a. Which is the stronger base, Cl2 or H2O?b. Which is the stronger base, H2O or NO2-?c. Which is the stronger base, CN2 or OC6H5-?Table
Consider the reaction of acetic acid in water CH3CO2H(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ CH3CO2-(aq) + H3O+(aq) where Ka = 1.8 × 10-5. a. Which two bases are competing for the proton? b. Which is the stronger
In general, as base strength increases, conjugate acid strength decreases. Explain why the conjugate acid of the weak base NH3 is a weak acid.
Values of Kw as a function of temperature are as follows: Temp (oC) Kw 0 ................. 1.14 × 10-15 25 ............... 1.00 × 10-14 35 ............... 2.09 × 10-14 40
At 40oC the value of Kw is 2.92 × 10-14. a. Calculate the [H+] and [OH-] in pure water at 40oC. b. What is the pH of pure water at 40oC?
Fill in the missing information in the following table.
The following illustration displays the relative number of species when an acid, HA, is added to water.a. Is HA a weak or strong acid? How can you tell? b. Using the relative numbers given in the
Calculate the pH of each of the following.
An acid HX is 25% dissociated in water. If the equilibrium concentration of HX is 0.30 M, calculate the Ka value for HX.
Using Table, order the following bases from strongest to weakest. NO3-, H2O, NH3, and C5H5NTable
Using Table, order the following acids from strongest to weakest. HNO3, H2O, NH4+, and C5H5NH+Table
Use Table to help answer the following questions.a. Which is the stronger base, ClO4- or C6H5NH2?b. Which is the stronger base, H2O or C6H5NH2?c. Which is the stronger base, OH- or C6H5NH2?d. Which
Use Table to help answer the following questions.a. Which is the stronger acid, HClO4 or C6H5NH3+?b. Which is the stronger acid, H2O or C6H5NH3+?c. Which is the stronger acid, C6H5NH3+ or
Calculate [OH-], pOH, and pH for each of the following. a. 0.00040 M Ca(OH)2
For the reaction of hydrazine (N2H4) in water. H2NNH2(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H2NNH3+(aq) + OH-(aq) Kb is 3.0 × 10-6.
A codeine- containing cough syrup lists codeine sulfate as a major ingredient instead of codeine. The Merck Index gives C36H44N2O10S as the formula for codeine sulfate. Describe the composition of
Write out the stepwise Ka reactions for citric acid (H3C6H5O7), a triprotic acid.
Derive an expression for the relationship between pKa and pKb for a conjugate acid–base pair.
Calculate the pH of 4.0 × 10-5 M phenol (Ka = 1.6 × 10-10).
Calculate the pH of 5.0 × 10-4 M HCN.
Calculate the pH of 5.0 × 10-8 M HNO3.
Calculate the value for the equilibrium constant for each of the following aqueous reactions. a. NH3 + H3O+ ⇌ NH4+ + H2O b. NO2- + H3O+ ⇌ HNO2 + H2O c. NH4+ + CH3CO2- ⇌ NH3 + CH3CO2H d. H3O+ +
Hemoglobin (abbreviated Hb) is a protein that is responsible for the transport of oxygen in the blood of mammals. Each hemoglobin molecule contains four iron atoms that are the binding sites for O2
The pH of human blood is steady at a value of approximately 7.4 owing to the following equilbrium reactions: CO2(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H2CO3(aq) ⇌ HCO3-(aq) + H+(aq) Acids formed during normal celluar
Isocyanic acid (HNCO) can be prepared by heating sodium cyanate in the presence of solid oxalic acid according to the equation 2NaOCN(s) + H2C2O4(s) → 2HNCO(l) + Na2C2O4(s)
Papaverine hydrochloride (abbreviated papH+Cl–; molar mass = 378.85 g/ mol) is a drug that belongs to a group of medicines called vasodilators, which cause blood vessels to expand, thereby
Acrylic acid (CH2PCHCO2H) is a precursor for many important plastics. (Ka for acrylic acid is 5.6 × 10-5.)
The equilibrium constant Ka for the reaction Fe(H2O)63+(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ Fe(H2O)5(OH)2+(aq) + H3O+(aq) is 6.0 × 10-3
How many moles of HCl(g) must be added to 1.0 L of 2.0 M NaOH to achieve a pH of 0.00? (Neglect any volume changes.)
Citric acid (H3C6H5O7) is a triprotic acid with Ka1 = 8.4 × 10-4, Ka2 = 1.8 × 10-5, and Ka3 = 4.0 × 10-6. Calculate the pH of 0.15 M citric acid.
Derive an equation to solve for the pH for a dilute weak base in which water is a significant contributor to the pH. Use this formula to calculate the pH of a 100.0-mL sample of 2.0 × 10-5 M B
Calculate the pH of 6.0 × 10-4 M NaNO2.
Calculate the resulting pH when 1.00 L of 1.00 M H2SO4 is added to a tank containing 1.00 × 107 L of pure water.
On January 1, 2014, you bought a new Toyota automobile for $ 30,000. You made a $ 5,000 cash down payment and signed a $ 25,000 note, payable in four equal instalments on each December 31, the first
On December 31, 2013, Post Company decided to invest a sufficient amount of cash to pay the principal amount of a $ 160,000 debt due on December 31, 2016. The company will make four equal annual
Refer to the previous problem.In ProblemJan. 2 Paid accrued interest in the amount of $ 52,000.Apr. 30 Borrowed $ 550,000 from Commerce Bank; signed a 12- month, 6 percent interest-bearing note.May
During 2015, Riverside Company completed the following two transactions. The company€™s fiscal year ends on December 31.a. Paid and recorded wages of $ 130,000 during 2015; however, at the end of
1. Dell Inc. is a leading technology company that offers a broad range of product categories, including mobility products, desktop PCs, software and peripherals, servers and networking, and storage.
Bombardier Inc. specializes in manufacturing transportation products (Aircraft, railway equipment, snowmobiles, and watercraft). The company offers warranties on all of its products. Note 2 to
Dell Inc. sells computer products as well as extended- warranty services on the products it sells, a common practice in the electronics industry. Should the product break down, Dell will provide
A. Deferred revenues— customer depositsEastern Brewing Company (EBC) distributes its products in an aluminum keg. Customers are charged a deposit of $ 25 per keg, and deposits received from
Leon€™s Furniture Limited is one of Canada€™s largest home furnishing retailers, with a network of 75 stores selling a wide range of furniture, major appliances and home electronics. The
Computek Ltd. completed the following transactions during 2015. The company’s fiscal year ends on December 31, 2015.Jan. 8 Purchased on account merchandise for resale at a cost of $ 14,500, with
On January 1, 2014, Ontario Company sold a new machine to Canada Company for $ 70,000. Canada Company made a cash down payment of $ 20,000 and signed a $ 50,000, 8 percent note for the balance due.
Refer to the previous problem.In ProblemJan. 8 Purchased on account merchandise for resale at a cost of $ 14,500, with terms 2/ 10, n/ 30. The company uses a periodic inventory system.19 Paid the
International Business Machines ( IBM) is a leading provider of computer products and services. The company is known for its hardware products but has focused on providing information technology
Danier Leather Inc. is one of North America€™s leading designers, manufacturers, and retailers of quality leather and suede for both women and men. The company reported the following items in its
Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan is the world€™s largest fertilizer company, producing the three primary crop nutrients potash, phosphate and nitrogen. Potash Corp. is a major player in
The records of Calib Corporation provided the following summarized data for 2014 and 2015:a. Calib is subject to an income tax rate of 35 percent. Assume that 80 percent of the income taxes payable
Refer to the financial statements of Canadian Tire Corporation in Appendix A of this book.Required:1. Does Canadian Tire report income taxes payable as a separate account on its statement of
Go to Connect for the financial statements of RONA Inc.Required:1. What is the amount of trade and other payables at the end of the current year?2. How did changes in trade and other payables affect
Refer to the financial statements of Canadian Tire Corporation (Appendix A) and RONA Inc. (Connect ), and the Industry Ratio Report (Appendix B on Connect).Required:1. Compute the quick ratio for
Most major airlines have frequent flyer programs that permit passengers to earn free tickets based on the number of reward miles they have flown. A Southwest Airlines annual report contained the
Maple Leaf Foods Inc. is one of Canada€™s largest meat processors. It produces fresh and processed pork and poultry products under the Maple Leaf and Schneiders brands. Selected financial
In some cases, a manager can engage in transactions that improve the appearance of financial reports without affecting the underlying economic reality. In this chapter, we discussed the importance of
Define provisions. How do they differ from other liabilities?
Explain the concept of the time value of money.
Define note payable. What other liability is associated with a note payable? Explain.
A current liability is a short- term obligation that is normally expected to be settled within one year. For each of the following events and transactions that occurred in November 2014, indicate the
Diego Company sells a wide range of goods through two retail stores operating in adjoining cities. Most purchases of goods for resale are on account. Occasionally, a short- term note payable is used
The comparative statements of earnings of Martin Corporation for fiscal years 2014 and 2015 showed the following summarized pretax data:The expenses in 2014 included an amount of $ 4,000 that was
The comparative statement of earnings for Chung Corporation for fiscal years 2013 and 2014 provided the following summarized pretax data:The expenses for 2014 included an amount of $ 3,000 that was
Amber Corporation reported the following summarized pretax data at the end of each year:Taxable income from the income tax return was as follows: 2013, $ 32,000; 2014, $ 56,000; and 2015, $
Quetario Company is considering purchasing a machine that would save the company $ 13,500 in cash per year for six years, at the end of which the machine would be retired with no residual value. The
On January 1, 2015, Wong Corporation signed a mortgage note for $ 5,000,000 at 8 percent for a term of five years. Mortgage payments are made semi- annually on June 30 and on December 31. Each
Dumont Corporation is preparing its 2014 statement of financial position. The company records show the following related amounts at the end of the fiscal year, December 31, 2014:Required:1.
API Ltd. has a quick ratio of 0.80 and working capital in the amount of $ 1,240,000. For each of the following transactions, determine whether the quick ratio and working capital will increase,
Matyas Company completed the salary and wage payroll for April 2014. The payroll provided the following details:Required:1. Prepare the journal entry to record the payroll for April, including

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